以物易悟：以柔韌設計化解機構阻力

Enlightening Artifacts: Resolving Institutional Forces through Robust Design

創新之所以能被採用與擴散，從機構的角度來看是因為創新者善於回應機構力。相關文獻可概分為策略性回應與創新物件設計兩類，文獻的發展脈絡顯示出以實務觀點檢視創新者如何以設計人造物件來運用機構力，成為研究缺口，也是本研究主題。本研究選擇臺灣小學教育知名的教育創新代表人物，以質性個案研究法蒐集與分析資料，時間約一年半。本研究從教育現場的既有實務，釐清機構阻力，並發現創新人造物件中，蘊含兩種柔韌設計的手法：其一為物件設計背後將機構阻力化為助力的機制，稱為槓桿作用，本研究發現三種槓桿，分別是少力、同向與逐步少力槓桿。其二為重構，運用創新人造物件轉移行動者視角，改變學習實務，達致自主學習的設計效果。最後討論本研究發現對柔韌設計、策略性回應、創新對機構等文獻的啟示，以及柔韌設計手法對於實務界的啟發。

Prior literature indicated that strategic response and design of artifact were the two main approaches to examine how innovators respond opposing institutional forces strategically in order to promote innovations. The gap in literature was to neglect to examine the responding process in the perspectives of artifact designing. Therefore, this study aims to clarify how innovators respond to institutional forces by the robust design of artifacts. The study investigates the institutional context and the selected case in Taiwanese educational field. The study employs the qualitative case method to conduct the data collection, analysis and interpretation. The findings show that there are two robust design strategies embedded in the artifacts and employed by the case to resolve the institutional forces artfully.