新段階迎える東アジアの地域統合

迎向新階段的東亞區域整合（Entering into a New Stage of Regional Integration in East Asia）

東亞的區域整合在2010~2011年逐漸邁入新的階段。隨著21世紀開始而展開的第一階段中，幾乎完成了以東協（ASEAN）為核心的自由貿易協定網路。ASEAN實現了東協自由貿易區（AFTA），締結了東協和中國、韓國、日本、印度、澳洲、紐西蘭的自由貿易協定。東亞以及亞洲太平洋區域的廣域自由貿易協定成為新階段的課題。廣域的自由貿易協定，提議及研究了諸如東協加三（日中韓）、東協加六（日中韓、印度、澳洲、紐西蘭）及亞太自由貿易圈FTAAP（APEC的自由貿易協定）。另一方面，美國及澳洲等參加了2006年生效的P4，且2010年開始交涉的泛太平洋戰略經濟夥伴協定（TPP），是亞洲新型的廣域自由貿易協定。TPP的特徵有自由化比極高，是包括勞動及環境的總自由貿易協定，美國的參加。美國重視平等的競爭條件及智慧財產權的保護強化等規則的制定，其背景是以中國之加入新國際貿易規則為長期目的。在新階段中，TPP應該會發揮廣大的影響而廣域自由貿易協定的形成將會有所進展。

Regional integration in East Asia has gradually entered into a new phase since 2010. In the 1st stage, which started in 2000, FTA's networks centering on ASEAN were almost established. AFTA and ASEAN plus One FTA were realized China, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand to conclude a FTA with ASEAN. In the next phase, pursuit of a region-wide FTA in East Asia or the Asia-Pacific region became the focal issue. Three groups have been proposed and studied for a region-wide FTA: ASEAN plus 3 (Japan, China, and South Korea), ASEAN plus 6 (Japan, China, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand), and FTAA, which is FTA in APEC. Meanwhile, U.S. and Australia joined the P4 that became effective as of 2006, and a TPP has been in negotiation since 2010. TPP is a new type of region-wide FTA with the following characteristics: 1) extremey high ratio of liberalization, 2) a labor and environmental issue inclusive FTA, and 3) participation of the U.S. The U.S. focuses on formulation of rules for competitive equality and enhancement of intellectual property rights protection, aiming to get China to comply with international trade rules in the long run. The creation of a region-wide FTA will progress under the strong influence of TPP in the new phase.