日本民主党の農家戸別所得補償制度と食料安全保障

日本民主黨的農家戶別所得補償制度與糧食安全保障（Income Compensation System for Farming Households Introduced by the Democratic Party and Food Security of Japan）

邁入21世紀後世界糧食的供需明顯呈現緊迫的狀態。地球暖化、氣候異常減損農產的收成，世界穀物安全庫存下降至戰後的低水準，穀物主要出口國在優先考量國內安定供給前提下又相繼限制穀物出口，此進而引發特別是低所得糧食進口國家的社會紛亂與政治動盪。在國民對糧食的安全保障表達強烈關心下，各國政府紛紛將平時確保安定進口及國內糧食供給能力，緊急時也能妥適對應的整合性糧食安全政策再次列為其農業、糧食政策的首要目標。作為日本糧食安全保障政策理念與施策研究的一部分，本文的目的是探討日本民主黨新政權的糧食安全保障政策。首先檢討日本民主黨新農政的核心—2010年施行的米戶別所得補償模式對策及2011年開始實施的農家戶別所得補償制度。接著檢討此新制度的實施所造成的影響及問題點，對農家生產意願及糧食供給的影響，對提升糧食自給率的效果等。

The global food supply-demand balance has been very tight since 2000. Climate change due to global warming has brought extensive damage to crop harvests. The world grain safety stock has reached the lowest ever level since WWII. Major grain exporters have given priorities to their own domestic markets and chosen to limit grain exports. The limitation has de-stabilized social and political situations in low-income nations. It has become pivotal for consumers and also legislators to pursue a consistent and effective policy which under normal circumstances, ensures stable food import and secures domestic food supply capacity, and in emergencies, responds appropriately. I analyze a new food security policy introduced by the new government led by the Democratic Party of Japan. First, I explain the contents of model projects of Income Compensation for Rice Farmers adopted in 2010 and Income Compensation System for Faming Households implemented in 2011, especially focusing on the latter system which is a new and main agricultural policy introduced by DP. Second, I analyze the effects and problems of the program in practice, pointing out effects on farmers' willingness to produce and food supply and effectiveness of efforts to improve the food self-sufficiency ratio in Japan.