人孰無過——從犯錯與說謊的人性本質談生命教育教學   全文下載

To Err Is Human: Recognizing the Human Nature of Making Mistakes and Lying in Teaching Life Education

本文強調每個人都會犯錯，且犯錯行為通常是源自於生物在生存競爭關係下為求自利而發展出的某些能力，如欺騙、盲從等。不論是人類歷史或近年來的心理試驗，都證實一般人非常容易受到情境因素與趨利避害的本能牽引下，在善惡一念間有意或無意地做出傷害他人的行為。相對於漠視或隱匿這種事實，本文建議應以揚惡以揚善的思維，在生命教育中帶領學生認識人孰無過的本質與犯錯時所可能產生的影響，使學生能在人性圖像中理解人性的不足與缺陷，進而在價值思辨中，學習在善惡之間做出對的判斷，並以關懷、包容與尊重的態度對待犯錯者與受害人。

To incorporate the concept of “to err is human” into the file of life education is the theme of this paper. In nature world, lives develop various abilities, such as to cheat competitors or blindly follow the majority, to ensure the opportunity of survival or mating. Numerous psychological experiments and human history have proven that humans are highly likely to be influenced by environmental factors or driven by self-interests to wrongfully do evil things to hurt others either consciously or unconsciously. This paper therefore suggests that the negative natures of human being such as making mistakes and cheating shall be highlighted and systemically taught to students in life education. Students would therefore know better of the weakness and imperfection of their own human nature, and through the training of critical thinking, cautiously make decent judgments between good and evil, as well as to learn how to care, forgive and even respect both the parties who had made mistakes and the innocent victims of these mistakes.