柳杉木醋液處理之木材耐腐朽性及化學結構變化

Decay Resistance and Chemical Structure Changes of Wood with Cryptomeria Japonica Vinegars Treatment

本研究探討以機械窯將柳杉製成木醋液，將其以分配法分離成乙醚萃取木醋液、酸性物質、酚性物質及中性物質等4大類物質，再以柳杉邊材為試材之木塊腐朽試驗法，進行90天，評估不同濃度之此4類有機物質對白腐菌Lenzites betulina與褐腐菌Laetiporus sulphureus之耐腐朽性，同時以傅立葉紅外線光譜（FT-IR）及熱重量分析（TGA）分析腐朽木材之化學結構變化。試驗結果顯示，以濃度1.0%之中性物質處理材對白腐菌L. betulina的耐腐朽性最佳，而以1.0%之酚性物質對褐腐菌L. sulphureus的耐腐朽性最為優良，然其耐腐朽效果仍略低於市售銅、烷基銨化合物系（Alkaline copper quaternary, ACQ）防腐劑。根據FT-IR分析結果，以1%ACQ及中性物質可保護木材中之木質素及纖維素不易被白腐菌破壞；又以1.0%之ACQ及酚性物質處理材中之纖維素受到褐腐菌破壞較輕微。再由TGA分析結果，更進一步確認以1%之ACQ及酚性物質處理者，木材受褐腐菌腐朽較輕微。

 

In this study, the wood vinegar was made from Cryptomeria japonica using steel kiln. The 4 kinds of fractions including ether-extracted wood vinegar, acidic, phenolic and neutral compounds of wood vinegar were obtained by partition method. The decay resistance of white-rot fungus, Lenzites betulina andbrown-rot fungus, Laetiporus sulphureus with different concentrations of the 4 kinds organic compounds by wood block test of 90 days using C. japonica sapwood as tested wood materials was evaluated as well as the chemical structure changes of the decay wood was also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) andthermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the 1.0% neutral compounds and 1.0% phenolic compounds had the best decay resistance for white-rot fungus, L. betulina andbrown-rot fungus, L. sulphureus respectively, however, there were slightly inferior to that of commercial ACQ agent. According to the FT-IR analysis, the 1.0% ACQ and neutral compounds could protect the lignin and cellulose of wood avoiding destroying by the L. betulina fungus. In addition, the cellulose of 1.0% ACQ and phenolic compounds treated wood was only slightly destroyed by the L. sulphureus fungus and the result was also conformed to the TGA analysis.