女性勞動對家戶所得分配的影響：台灣、韓國與日本

Effects of a Female Workforce on the Distribution of Household Income: A Comparison Study between Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan

本研究使用盧森堡家戶所得資料庫，比較2000 年中期台灣、韓國與日本妻子工作所得對家庭經濟的貢獻以及對所得分配的影響，此外也分析台灣2013 年相對於2005 年，妻子工作所得對所得分配的影響是否由平均化轉為不均化。主要發現有：一、台灣、韓國與日本丈夫工作所得較低的家庭中，妻子投入勞動市場的比率較高，主因是單靠丈夫的薪資不易維持家計；二、台灣妻子對家戶總所得的貢獻高於韓國與日本，這是因為台灣妻子從事全職工作的比率較高，且擔任主管職的比率較高；三、台灣妻子的工作所得會使家戶總所得不均度下降，韓國與日本妻子的工作所得則使總所得不均度上升。

This study discussed the contribution and effects of married women’s workforce on the household income and income distribution in Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan in the mid-2000s by using the Luxembourg Income Study Database. In addition, the study assessed whether the married women’s labor income affected the gross income equality in Taiwan in 2013 compared with 2005. The findings are listed as follows: (1) In Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan, households in which husbands’ income levels were relatively low displayed high participation of wives in the labor market probably because the livelihoods of the household might not be maintained through income from the husbands alone. (2) The wives’ contributions to the total household income were higher in Taiwan than in South Korea and Japan. This observation was because the proportion of wives having full-time jobs or holding management positions was higher in Taiwan than in South Korea and Japan. (3) The wives’ labor income reduced the gross income inequality in Taiwan, but increased the gross income inequality in South Korea and Japan.