東南亞出國旅客的腸道傳染病知識與健康信念模式對預防行為之影響

The Knowledge of Intestinal Infection Disease of Outbound Travelers to South-Asian Countries and the Effect of Health Belief Model on Prevention Behavior

根據觀光局公佈的國人出國統計數字顯示，臺灣地區2012年國人出國人次相較2011年明顯成長6.84%。隨著旅遊人數增加，因旅遊而產生之問題隨之增多，其中最主要的就是腸道傳染病。因此，本研究目的欲分析前往東南亞旅客的腸道傳染病知識及健康信念模式對預防行為是否有影響，利用結構式問卷收集資料，於桃園國際機場採用便利抽樣調查18歲以上出境前往東南亞旅客，有效回收問卷共447份，回收率為96%。分析方法採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及多元迴歸分析。研究結果顯示旅客對於出國所做的預防保護措施及旅遊資訊搜尋仍顯不足，應可再加強宣導及衛教；而旅客在腸道傳染病知識方面平均答對率為73％，顯示出國旅客對腸道傳染病知識的瞭解程度偏高，大部分受訪者都認識腸道傳染病的臨床症狀及預防的基本方法。腸道傳染病知識對預防行為分析的結果，預防行為的主要影響因子為腸道傳染病知識的症狀，東南亞出國旅客答對腸道傳染病知識的症狀越多，越會在預防行為上做足準備。此外出國旅客對腸道傳染病之健康信念模式多維持正向態度，旅客健康信念模式對於預防行為的主要影響因子為行動線索，顯示行動線索是很重要的因素，故建議後續相關研究影響受訪者之預防行為可從行動線索部分著手。針對出國旅客旅程相關變項與預防行為之關係發現，出國四次以上在注意個人衛生所採取的防護措施高於出國兩次。期此研究能讓旅行社或衛生機關對於旅客出國衛教宣導提供有效之參考。使旅客在出國前即能針對東南亞腸道傳染病做出適當正確的因應預防行為，過多種型式的宣傳管道，隨時推廣健康訊息及疫病宣導；增加旅客對傳染病的警覺性：持續宣傳民眾對於腸道傳染病的知識，有助於增強提高腸道傳染病的預防行為。

According to the statistics by Tourism Bureau, the number of outbound tourists increased 6.84% in 2012 than it in 2011. With the obvious growth came subsequent problems; the main disease is intestinal infection. Therefore, the purpose statement is to research the knowledge of intestinal infection disease of outbound travelers to south-Asian countries and the effect of health belief model faith pattern on prevention behavior. We acquire the information by constructional standardized self-filled surveys. At Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, we surveyed the outbound travelers (over the age of eighteen) travelling to south-Asian countries, 447 effective returns and the ratio up to 96%. Descriptive statistics, Independent samples T test, One way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis are selected in the study. The study results showed that outbound tourists did not acquire sufficient information about the destined country in prevention behavior aspect; although authorities-concerned provide significant information on the website, the service use rate is quite low. The authorities-concerned should do more about health education and advocacy. Among the 'Prevention behaviors', 'I always wash hands before meals and after using toilets' has the highest average score as 4.55; meanwhile, 'Before going abroad, I have dialed 1922 to acquire my destination information from the Disease Control Bureau' has the lowest score as 1.67. The average of the correct ratio on intestinal infection disease is 72.9%; 'The most common complications of intestinal infection disease are stomach upsets and diarrheas' has the highest correct ratio; meanwhile, 'The most common source of intestinal infection disease is the germ.' has the lower correct ratio. The health belief model faith stay mostly positive. Tourists having been abroad over four times have double prevention behaviors on 'transmission route prevention' than those, having abroad twice only. The analysis results of the knowledge of intestinal infection disease over the prevention behavior mainly indicate that the main impact factors of prevention behaviors are transmission route, prevention method and syndromes. In the multiple regression analysis, the positive main impact factors are the knowledge of intestinal infection disease, self awareness of perceived susceptibility and action clues. Thus, the higher the knowledge and the health belief model faith of tourists are; the better, the prevention behaviors. We hope the study can be a helpful reference for tourism companies or authorities concerned in health education or advocacy. Therefore, the tourists to south-Asian countries can have more proper prevention behaviors to intestinal infection diseases; in the end, a strong self-awareness will be enhanced.