青少年身體心像及體重控制意向之徑路分析－－以新竹市某國中為例

A Path Analysis on the Association between Body Image and Weight Control Intention among Adolescent - A Case Study of One Junior High School in Hsin-Chu City

本研究目的在探討青少年身體心像與體重控制意向及其他相關影響因素。依據文獻分析建立一個解釋青少年人口統計學、社會影響因素、身體心像與體重控制意向等變項之模式，以新竹市某國中全體學生為母群，採用分層集群抽樣，以自擬結構性問卷為研究工具，進行各變項間相關結構與模式解釋能力之探討。研究發現：1.76.38%的研究對象自訴會進行體重的控制，包括減輕、維持及增加體重；2.徑路分析結果指出，影響體重控制意向的因素包括性別、身體質量指數、媒體與身體心像等變項其統計顯著之徑路係數在-0.73至0.25之間；3.在性別影響分析中，女生的體重控制意向顯著大於男生，身體心像得分顯著低於男生；4.在身體質量指數影響分析中，身體質量指數愈高者其身體心像愈差，體重控制意向愈高；5.同儕與媒體影響青少年體重控制意向；6.有9.5%青少年自認沒人關心自己，身體心像得分高於平均值但滿意度低於平均值；7.有進行體重控制對象中有二成學生服用中藥、轉骨湯希望改善體位。研究結果可供學校衛生實務工作之政策制定參考，以促進正在發育成長的青少年之身心健康發展。

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between body image, weight control intention of adolescent and other related factors. To establish a module based on the documents and analysis to explain demography, social factors, body image, weight control intention, and other variables of adolescent, we take the entire students in one particular junior high school in Hsin-Chu City as a population. We adopt stratified cluster sampling and a self-structured questionnaire as a tool for the study to probe into the relationship between variables of the module. Results: 1) 76.38% of the junior high school students claim to have weight control, including losing, maintaining and gaining weight. 2) The path coefficient ranges between -0.73 to 0.25. Effective factors of weight control intention are the variables such as gender, body mass index, media and the body image and so on. 3) Gender influences body image and weight control intention, girls have more weight control intention and less scores on body image than boys. 4) Body mass index influences body image and weight control intention: the higher the body mass index, the stronger the weight control intention and lower scores on body image. 5) Adolescent peers and media influence weight control intentions. 6) 9.5% of the adolescents consider that no one is concerned with them. They get higher body image scores than average but lower satisfaction scores. 7) There are 20% of the students as weight control subjects have taken traditional Chinese medicine or transfer soup to improve their body figure. The results of the study provides future reference for the enactment of policy on practical school sanitary nursing to improve the mentally and physically health development of the developing and growing adolescents.