大專與高中女籃選手於急停跳躍動作急停著地期之差異

Differences in Vertical Stop-Jump Movement between Female College and High School Basketball Players

緒論: 過去研究顯示，大專女籃選手前十字韌帶受傷的機率似乎高於高中女籃選手，本研究主要目的為探討大專與高中女籃選手急停跳躍動作的運動學、動力學和肌肉收縮狀況的差異，並比較兩組膝關節和髖關節肌力的差別。方法：研究參與者為大專甲組女籃選手10位，高中甲組女籃選手7位。使用三度空間電磁場動作分析系統與測力板擷取急停跳躍動作，以無線肌電圖儀收取下肢動作過程中膝關節肌肉收縮之狀況，以等速肌力測量儀收取膝關節最大等速向心肌力，以及髖關節外展和伸展最大等長肌力。結果：急停著地瞬間，高中女籃選手膝關節彎曲角度以及外展力矩顯著大於大專女籃選手。最大向後地面反作用力之時間點，膝關節和髖關節彎曲角度，以及膝關節脛骨向前剪力和外展力矩，高中女籃選手顯著大於大專女籃選手。最大向後地面反作用力前150毫秒肌電訊號中，股外側肌、股二頭肌和半腱肌之肌肉總收縮量兩組間無顯著不同。在著地後下肢動力學，高中女籃膝關節外展力矩大於大專女籃選手。膝關節和髖關節最大肌力兩組間皆未達顯著差異。結論：相較於大專女籃選手，高中女籃選手於急停跳躍動作之急停著地期有較大的膝關節彎曲角度與較大的膝關節負荷。

 

Purpose: Previous study showed that female college athletes seem to have greater anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate compared to female high school athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activities of knee and hip joints during vertical stop-jump task in female college and high school basketball players. Methods: Ten female college and seven female high school basketball players participated in this study. Vertical stop-jump movement was captured and analyzed by a 3D electromagnetic motion analysis system synchronized with a force plate. Muscle activities of the knee joint during vertical stop-jump movement was recorded with a surface electromyographic system (EMG). Isokinetic knee muscle strength and isometric hip muscle strength were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: At the initial foot contact during vertical stop-jump movement, the knee flexion angle and knee abduction moment of high school basketball players were significantly greater compared with college basketball players. At the instant of the maximum posterior ground reaction force (PGRF), high school basketball players had greater knee and hip flexion angle, greater anterior tibia shear force, and greater knee abduction moment compared with college basketball players. There were no significant differences between groups in knee muscle activities during 150 ms prior to the instant of the maximum PGRF. After landing, high school basketball players demonstrated greater knee abduction moment compared to college basketball players. No significant differences in knee and hip muscle strength were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared with female college basketball players, female high school basketball players had greater knee flexion angle and greater knee loadings during vertical stop-jump task.