住宅無障礙與通用化設計之用後評估--以臺北市興隆公共住宅1區為例

Residential Post-Evaluation for Barrier-Free and Universal Design in Hsing-Lung Public Rented Housing in Taipei City

為保障身心障礙者參與社會之權利及因應人口高齡化的發展趨勢，建構一個友善、可及的生活環境已成為當前迫切需要因應之課題，而友善居住環境的實踐則有賴居家通用化及無障礙設計理念的落實。然而，通用設計和無障礙設計兩者設計的提供對象和關注的面向不盡相同，其產出之設計成果亦有所差別，要藉由完全相同的設計完全適切不同使用者需求，進而達到排除差別感，是非常困難的課題。因此，在空間友善化的推動過程中，空間、設備、設施、輔助器具…等如何因應不同條件使用者進行合理調整，又是否應以法律規章方式強制要求設置，仍尚無定見。本研究針對臺灣首座同時納入「通用」及「無障礙」設計理念的興隆公共住宅1區進行使用後評估，比較通用設計與無障礙設計相關準則的差異與內容，進一步了解不同使用者對於各種準則引導下所產出的空間與設備之實際使用情形。本研究發現「無障礙空間設計」雖然較能滿足行動不便者（下肢體障礙者）之需求，但確實存在對一般使用者產生使用不便及空間使用效率不佳等問題。而依通用設計理念下規劃之居住單元，雖可滿足多數使用者的需求，然而對於行動不便者（下肢體障礙者）而言，仍有其不足與侷限性。其中又以住宅單元中之廚房、浴廁空間由於不同使用者之使用習慣與身體尺度需求的差異較大，以致使用評價存在最大的差異性。因此，如何界定不同使用者的核心需求，並保持空間擴充的靈活性，成為居家環境友善與否的關鍵。

 

It is a pressing and urgent issue of establishing friendly residential surroundings. Those who disabled are encouraged to involve social affairs, such as the accessibility of public environment and the trend of aging society. Implementing residentially universal design and design of accessibility is the first and crucial step for establishing friendly residential surroundings. However, it is completely different aspects with regard to universal design and disabled accessibility design. Recent years, these are also challenging and endless arguments to fulfill various user requirements without considering diversities in the same design methods. Should the trends of residential design need to be universalized for all users or specified for some specific users? Should the government legalize or just make guide books of interior design standards, facilities setup for disabled group? Therefore, this research focus on post-evaluation of Hsing-Lung public rented housing in Taipei City, which is implemented both “universal design” and “design of disabled accessibility”. By comparing design guidelines between universal design and disabled accessibility, we further understood the differences between the practical use of facilities and surroundings and residential design guidelines. In Hsing-Lung public rented housing case, our research found that the needs of disabled people (weakness of the lower limbs) were satisfied in units of design of disabled accessibility, but not for general people. It is also not spacious because of some specific facilities setup. On the other side, units of universal design could satisfy most general people, though, they may constrain the disabled users. Kitchens and bathrooms are evaluated extremely diverse by opposing users due to their weakness parts and the customs are different. In conclusion, defining the essential needs from various users and maintaining spatial mobility are the crucial issues to our friendly residential surroundings.