The Paris Agreement and the Transformation of Global Climate Law: Taiwan’s Perspective

巴黎協議與全球氣候立法轉型：臺灣觀點

聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第21次締約國大會達成巴黎協議，被高度讚揚為全球因應氣候變遷問題的成功模式，然而，其對於全球與臺灣的意義與影響尚未能被充分討論。何以本次締約國大會能成功達成全球性協議？其影響為何？臺灣又應該如何因應形成中的全球氣候法？本文檢視巴黎協議的締約過程與結果，嘗試探究其對於全球氣候法律秩序的影響。本文主張，巴黎協議行程全球氣候變遷法的新模式。其將過去京都議定書那種由上而下、以減量為核心而有強制國家義務的模式，轉變成由下而上、全面性的方案，並且以程序為中心的模式。本文進一步認為，巴黎協議將帶動全球各國的氣候相關立法，重新復甦碳市場以及建構全球法律與治理。臺灣過去都消極、形式地回應氣候變遷問題，本文呼籲臺灣政府與社會應該深化氣候政策、重新建構組織與程序，並且在興起中的全球秩序尋找可能機會。

The Paris Agreement passed in the COP 21 of UNFCCC was highly praised as a success model for global effort on responding climate change, yet its importance to the global society and Taiwan has not been fully elaborated. Why the COP is able to reach a global agreement? What’s the impact of the Paris Agreement on global and domestic climate change law? How should Taiwan prepare for the coming global legal order? This article examines the process and result of the Paris Agreement with an attempt to explore its impact on the global climate change law. This article argues that, the Paris Agreement presents a new model for global climate change law. It transforms the top-down, mitigation focused, and state obligation centered climate change model of the Kyoto Protocol to a model of bottom-up, comprehensive and procedural rules. This article further argues, the Paris Agreement will trigger worldwide legislation on climate change law, revitalize global carbon market and reconstruct global governance and law. This article then examines recent development of climate change law in Taiwan, and argues that Taiwan should be better prepared for the coming global climate change legal order with three ways: deepening climate change policy, reconstructing organizational and procedural settings and seeking opportunities in the new legal order.