立法不溯既往的憲法界線──真正和非真正溯及概念的釐清

The Constitutional Limit to Ex Post Facto Legislation - The Dividing Line of Realand Unreal Retroactivity

法律不溯既往是法治國原則非常重要的內涵，但另一方面國家也需要為推動民意要求的改革保有足夠的行動空間，此一信賴保護和推動改革之間的矛盾就成了憲法必須處理的問題。我國憲法實務就此主要參考德國的憲法教義學去區分真正和非真正溯及，因此檢視了德國憲法法院和我國大法官相關的實務，據以對年金改革有關公務員退休金減領的部分去做憲法的評價，結論是已經構成溯及，因而違憲。

The prohibition of ex post facto laws is a very essential part of rule of law. But thestate needs, on the other hand, enough room to be active making reforms desired by thepeople. The antinomy between protection of trust and making social reforms becomes aconstitutional issue to be coped with. Relying on the German constitutional dogmatics ourconstitutional jurisprudence differs between real and unreal retroacivity. Following thisline the author, after examing the practice of both German and Taiwan’s practice of theConstitutional Courts, comes to the conclusion that the reform law of the civil servant’spension, for the part reducing the monthly pay for the retired, is retroactive and thusunconstitutional.