船東互保協會法制之研究──以英國發展為核心

A Study on the Legal Status of the Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Club: With a Focus on Its Development in the United Kingdom

船東互保協會（P&I Club）實務運作源起於英國，至今已建立完整法制體系，為世界各保險先進國家所廣泛接受。受限於船舶責任風險大多無法轉嫁商業保險市場，船東互保協會係由船舶所有人自行組成之非營利性保險組織，旨在承保船舶所有人從事船舶營運活動所發生之責任風險。本文係以英國法制發展為論述基礎，逐次探討船東互保協會之組織沿革、法律性質、組織架構及相互性原則之制度特性，進而分析相關監理規範議題。參酌英國船東互保協會之法制借鏡，本文提出具體改善建議，作為未來我國主管機關與相關單位修法之參考。

The legal system and operation of the Protection and Indemnity Club (P&I Club) has been well developed in the United Kingdom, which has also been legally recognized worldwide. A P&I Club is a non-profit association composed of commercial shipowners, and the Club provides liability insurance against the risks inherent in industrial ship operation as well as financial security with its members. This paper reviews the legal status and corporate structure of the P&I Club in the United Kingdom. In addition, the paper analyzes the relevant regulatory issues of P&I Clubs. Finally, this paper makes recommendations to the regulatory authorities for legal reforms to the Taiwan Maritime Act for future reference.