交通肇事逃逸的機動車保險賠償制度比較研究

A Comparative Study of Automobile Insurance Compensation System for Hit-and-run Accident

在駕駛人肇事逃逸惡性事故中，面對交通事故受害人急需搶救、治療、安撫和損失賠償的局面，域外各國和地區建立的機動車強制保險制度多已經實行保險無過失賠償原則，為肇事逃逸案件中的受害人提供社會化的保險保障，用以搶救受害人的生命、賠償受害人的人身和財產損失。針對駕駛人肇事逃逸等惡意肇事多發的現狀，中國大陸雖然引進了機動車強制責任保險制度為交通肇事逃逸受害人提供保險保障，但是其強制責任保險金額僅為12.2萬元，根本不足以彌補惡性交通肇事逃逸案件中受害人的全部損失；同時處於強調因駕駛人的過錯免除保險人賠償責任的傳統立場，在中國大陸的商業機動車責任保險堅守著交通肇事逃逸保險人免責的立場。「駕駛人在事故發生後，在未依法採取措施的情況下駕駛被保險機動車或者遺棄被保險機動車離開事故現場，保險人不承擔保險責任」這一交通肇事逃逸免責條款，極大地限制了保險人對交通肇事逃逸案件受害人的賠償範圍，使交通肇事逃逸案件中無過錯的受害人權益無法保障。因此，參照各國和地區的機動車強制保險無過失賠償制度，重構中國大陸的機動車強制責任保險和商業機動車第三者責任保險的受害人權益保護制度，才能為交通肇事逃逸受害人建立社會化的損失賠償保障。

In driver hit-and-run malignant accident, facing the traffic accident victims needs of rescue, treatment, comfort and damages, the motor vehicle compulsory insurance system of outside countries and regions have imposed insurance without fault compensation principle, providing the social insurance security to a hit-and-run accident victim, to rescue the victim’s life, and to compensate the loss of personal and property. In view of the situation of frequent occurrence of malicious hit-andrun accidents, the mainland has introduced the motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance system to provide insurance protection for victims of traffic hit-and-run accidents, but the amount of compulsory liability insurance is only 122,000 yuan, which is not enough to cover all the losses of victims in cases of malignant traffic hit-and-run accidents. At the same time, in the traditional position that the driver’s fault exempts the insurer from the liability for compensation, the commercial motor  vehicle liability insurance in the mainland adheres to the position of the traffic accident and escape the liability of the insurer. “Driving away after the accident, in the case of not taking measures in accordance with the insured motor vehicle driving or abandon the insured motor vehicle to leave the scene of the accident, the underwriter does not assume insurance responsibility”, this hit-and-run disclaimer, greatly limits the underwriter to hit-and-run cases the victim compensation range, making hit-and-run cases without fault of the victim’s rights and interests can’t be guaranteed. Therefore, by referring to the compulsory vehicle insurance no-fault compensation system in various countries and regions, we can reconstruct the victim rights protection system of compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance and third-party liability insurance of commercial motor vehicles in mainland China, so as to establish socialized compensation protection for victims of traffic accident and escape.