台灣諮商輔導倫理研究之回顧與展望

A Review Study of Counseling Ethics Research between 1986 - 2017 in Taiwan

本研究蒐集1986年到2017年台灣諮商輔導倫理的研究51篇，運用描述性統計分析論文數量、研究方 法、研究主題及發展趨勢，並針對各論文的研究結果進行整合分析，進而提出台灣諮商輔導倫理研究 未來發展的方向。本研究發現：（1）台灣諮商輔導倫理研究，呈現逐漸增多的趨勢，2011年之後的論 文數量佔了整體論文數量的58.8%。（2）研究方法以質性研究最多，量化研究次之，採用混合設計的 論文篇數很少；2001年之後質性研究明顯增加。（3）研究主題以「倫理認知與倫理行為」、「倫理困 境與因應」和「倫理實務問題處理經驗」三類論文居多，1986 - 2000年代，研究主題集中在「倫理認 知與倫理行為」；2001年之後，探討「倫理困境與因應」和「倫理實務問題處理經驗」之研究佔多 數；「倫理教育」的研究數量較少。（4）研究結果分析發現幾個重要現象：（a）倫理議題的判斷信 心、信念，在不同研究有不同的結果，倫理認知與行為之間有不一致的現象；（b）實務工作者面對倫 理問題時會考量多元脈絡，兼顧多方需求，發展彈性因應的策略；反思倫理守則的適用性與侷限性， 更看重專業倫理與諮商輔導專業之核心精神；處理過程需要持續對話與評估。依據研究結果討論，本 研究對台灣諮商輔導倫理研究的未來發展，提出6項建議。

 

There were 51 studies on counselling ethics in Taiwan from 1986 to 2017. Descriptive statistic was used to analyze the number of research papers, research methods, research topics and development trends, and analyze the research results of each paper. The results indicate: (1) The number of counselling ethics researches in Taiwan showedan increasing trend. The number of papers in 2011-2017 accounted for 58.8% of the total number of papers. Master’s and Doctoral thesis accounted for 64.7% of the total research volume. The advisor of thesis and the authors of journal focused on specific scholars. The counseling ethics research of Taiwan began with the discussion of the ethical judgment of the school counselors. However, the proportion of papers with the school counselors gradually decreased. (2) Research methods were mostly qualitative research and the numbers of quantitative studies was less than the qualitative studies. Very few studies were mixed designs. There was only one qualitative study in 1997. The number of qualitative studies in 2001-2010 is more than quantitative research. Qualitative research in 2011-2017 accounted for 73.3% of the numbers of papers in the same period. (3) Most of the studies targeted at ""ethical cognition and ethical behavior"", followed by the studies of ""ethical dilemmas and coping"" and ""experiences in dealing with ethical issues"", and then followed by ""ethical thinking and decisionmaking"". The studies of ""ethical practice "" and ""ethical education"" were the least. From 1986 to 2000, research topics focused on ""ethical cognition and ethical behavior"". After 2001, the studies of ""ethical dilemmas and coping"", "" experiences in dealing with ethical issues "" and ""ethical thinking and decision-making"" has increased significantly. The studies of Taiwan’s counseling ethics, which accounted for 33.3% of research on specific ethical issues. The remaining research topics were divided into two categories: (a) The overall discussion of the ethical cognition and ethical behavior of practitioners; (b) The ethical issues involved in some practical situation or specific form of service. (4) Analysis of the results of the researches revealed several important phenomena: (a) There were different results about ethical judgments and ethical beliefs. (b) There were inconsistencies between ethical cognition and ethical behavior. (c) Practitioners took into account multiple contexts, took into account the needs of multiple parties, and developed strategies that respond flexibly when they faced with ethical issues. (d) Practitioners reflected on the applicability and limitations of the ethical code, and paid more attention to the core spirit of professional ethics and counseling. They believed that the process of dealing with ethical issues required continuous dialogue and evaluation. Based on research results, six suggestions for the future development of Taiwan’s counseling ethics researches were proposed: (1) The research and publication of Taiwan’s counseling ethics requires more researchers to invest. (2) The ethical issues and ethical practical experience faced by school counselors need to continue to pay attention. (3) Both qualitative and quantitative research have their own contributions and limitations. The research method of counseling ethics should be combined with the advantages of qualitative research and quantitative research to balance development. (4) On the research topic, more studies focused and in-depth exploring can be made on specific ethical issues involved in specific practical situations and diverse service forms. (5) The content and connotation of professional ethics education curriculum and support program needs to be expanded, taking into account the professional ethics and individual cultivation. Researchers actively develop diverse professional ethics education courses and ethical support programs, and explore their effectiveness. (6) Researchers collaborate with practitioners to conduct situational research. Researchers depict the ethical practical experience of Taiwanese practitioners in-depth and develop ethical decision and practice models with a cultural perspective.