中西對比探源-《馬氏文通》之語法框架

Contrastive Linguistics of Chinese and Western Language. The grammar of Mǎshì Wéntōng

《馬氏文通》被視為漢語語法的開山之作，在此之前，漢語語言教育及教學一直隸屬於傳統的修辭學及訓詁學領域。關於《馬氏文通》的語法框架，其內容以模仿西方語法為主，主要來源為傳統漢語學融合西方語法分析。本文探討了影響《馬氏文通》的西方語法書籍，介紹傳統漢語研究範圍，並對比西方語法學家Port-Royal與《馬氏文通》的語法術語。《馬氏文通》的語法建構深受西方語法影響，作者將西方語法分析套用在漢語裡，對於漢語對比語言學肇始做出巨大貢獻。

 

The first Chinese grammar composed by a native author is Mǎshì Wéntōng, which was published by Mǎ Jiànzhōng in 1898. Until then, Chinese tradition had developed studies of rhetoric Xiū Cí Xué修辭學and exegesis Xùn Gǔ Xué 訓詁學 as priority disciplines of education and language teaching. In Mǎ’s work two types of sources are identified: the Chinese linguistic tradition on the one hand, on the other hand, Western models of analysis of the European languages. In this work, those studies that could influence the Grammar of Mǎ are taken into consideration. We review previous studies of the Chinese language and compare the grammatical terminology of Mǎshì Wéntōng with the European generalized Grammar of Port -Royal (1660). This work will show that in the grammatical system of Mǎ, some characteristics of the traditional study of the Chinese language come together with other characteristics of Western linguistics.