從極小理論看台語的「敢」字句

A Minimalist Approach to the Kam Construction in Taiwanese

本文旨在應用杭士基教授(Chomsky, 1995）一九九五年的極小理論(Minimalist Program）分析台語的「敢」字句。文中提議台語的「敢」可視為一提升動詞(raising verb），後接一呼應詞組(AGRSP）；此呼應詞在台語包含二個強烈屬性(strong features）：一是疑問記號([+Q]），另一式焦點記號([+focus]）。因此二屬性之故，台語的「敢」須在邏輯層(LF）移至呼應詞之位置，此移位過程證實台語「敢」字移位屬第三型主要語移位(X0 movement）與其它語言不同，移位不可超過一大句子(CP）。此移位理論除能解釋台語的「敢」字句中之孤島效應(island effects）外，對台語的「敢」字句中的焦點訊息亦能提出適當之解說。

The main purpose of this paper is to examine within the Minimalist Program（Chomsky, 1995） the kam sentences in Taiwanese and argue that kam should be considered as a raising verb taking an AGRsP as its complement. It is proposed that AGRs contains a strong feature, [+Q]（cf. Shen, 1997）, so kam needs to move to AGRs for feature checking before Spell Out under the Economy Principle. It is claimed that X° movement should be classified into three types（cf. Rizzi, 1990）, and Taiwanese is subject to the third type of X° movement. Furthermore, AGRs is assumed to have a [+focus] feature（cf. Ouhalla, 1992）, which unlike [+Q], will be discharged to Spec of AGRsP via Spec-head Checking, and hence a covert movement of XP to Spec of AGRsP for feature checking after Spell Out is motivated by Procrastinate. Finally, additional evidence from islandhood is found to support the present analysis.