含蘊前提與含蘊結論：漢語獨立否定句式中的標記「又」

Implicated Premise and Conclusion: The Marker Yòu in Chinese Negative Clauses

本篇論文探討漢語表示強調的標記「又」與否定詞所形成的獨立[又+否定]句式中，所產生的會話含蘊，並提出「又」在此獨立否定句式中的使用，事實上包含了一個含蘊的三段式論證。當「又」出現在獨立否定句時可以誘發一個預設，這個預設存在於該三段式論證中的第一前提，而此前提先於由[又+否定]所構成的獨立否定句中的第二前提。透過會話的關聯準則，第一前提的內容隱含在說話者的話語當中，並藉由聽話者的推論而得知。一旦第一前提被推斷出來，藉助於該論證，聽話者即能得到對話中的含蘊結論，此含蘊結論也正是說話者藉由[又+否定]句式所要傳達的主要隱含訊息。對於「又」的會話含蘊功能，本論文針對其三個重要特性提出解釋：（1）強調性的「又」只能出現在否定句式中；（2）「又」的強調功能與做為預設誘發語的功能是密切相關的；（3）[又+否定]句式經常伴隨著說話者不贊同甚至責備的語用功能。

This paper explores the conversational implicature produced by the Chinese emphatic marker yòu又 in an independent negative clause. I propose that an implicated three-step argument is involved in the usage of the emphatic marker yòu. The function of yòu is to trigger the presupposition that there exists a premise antecedent to the premise which is stated by the negative clause with yòu in the three-step argument. Through the conversational maxim of relevance, the content of the antecedent premise can be implicated by the speaker and inferred by the hearer. With the antecedent premise inferred, the three-step argument helps the hearer reach the implicated conclusion, which is the major implicature of the speaker by uttering the negative clause with yòu. This paper provides an account for the following three important aspects in the above phenomena: (1) the yòu clause has to be negative; (2) the emphatic function of the marker yòu is related to its function as a presupposition trigger; (3) a negative clause with the marker yòu usually carries a tone of disapproval and even reproach.