歐盟「銀行聯盟」發展現況之研究

The Study on the Current Development of the European Banking Union

由於全球化的趨勢使得金融業形成金融控股的集團經營模式，再加上歐洲單一市場的資金自由流通原則，很自然的形成跨國的金融控股集團模式，2008年引發的金融風暴顯示金融業公司治理失靈的嚴重現象與歐債風暴曝露了歐洲金融市場的缺陷，導致全球經濟衰退的災難性結果。2012年6月，歐盟為回應歐債危機而提出銀行聯盟的新作法，也是目前重要的金融政策，以期確保穩定銀行業的經營與穩定歐盟及其全體會員國的金融體系。為落實銀行聯盟，歐盟陸續公布許多的法規，以整合銀行業在歐洲單一市場的經營環境。本文闡述歐盟單一金融市場的金融監理體系、銀行聯盟形成之背景與運作模式、銀行聯盟的三大支柱，以期臺灣讀者認識歐洲金融市場之重要性。

With the globalization, the financial industry has become a new management model of financial holding all over the world. The free movement of the capital within the Single European Market has contributed to a transnational financial holding in the EU. The failure of the corporate governance and the default of the European financial market have been disclosed after the global financial crisis in 2008. Therefore, the EU reformed to react against the global financial crisis and proposed the new concept of the European Banking Union, which is currently the most important financial policy in order to achieve the stability of the financial market in the EU and its member states. The EU has enacted lots of new regulations to carry out the Banking Union and to integrate the playing field for the banking industry in the EU. This article works on the background and the development of the single financial supervision in the EU and Banking Union. The concepts of the European Banking Union are described. The importance of the European financial market may not be ignored.