歐盟銀行單－－清理機制之研究

The EU Single Resolution Mechanism

歐盟單一清理機制（SRM）於二○一六年一月一日起生效運作，象徵銀行清理的歐盟化。SRM採取銀行內部紓困原則，以有秩序地執行問題銀行清理程序，打破傳統上銀行「大而不能倒」之迷思，避免誘發銀行道德風險與法律規避。SRM目標在於維護銀行紀律、市場功能、政府基金及金融穩定。SRM是歐盟推動銀行聯盟的一大支柱，對歐盟銀行、會員國、國際金融規則等皆將帶來重大影響。本文從法律研究方法分析SRM的發展、學理論證、法律規定、組織架構、清理計畫內容及要件、單一清理基金的使用條件及程序等議題；同時論證SRM的意涵與影響、比較與臺灣銀行清理的規定與實踐，並提出一些建議，作為臺灣金融改革之參考，以完善我國銀行清理體系，維護臺灣金融穩定。

As one of the EU’s most important reforms after the global financial crisis of 2008, the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) which highlights the Europeanization of banking resolution in the 28 EU Member States became fully operational on 1 January 2016. In order to break the too-big-to-fail narrative in the banking sector, the EU applies a bail-in principle for banking resolutions. The objectives of SRM are to ensure banking discipline, market function, and financial stability; also, to avoid imposing costs on taxpayers, increasing banking moral hazard and regulatory arbitrage. The SRM is one of the core pillars of the EU’s banking union and is expect to be a critical accomplishment of the European Monetary Union and in the resolution of the European debt crisis. If so, the SRM will significantly impact EU institutions, Member States, the banking sector, and International financial rules. Based on a legal-study approach, the paper examines the following key issues concerning the SRM: its background, theoretical doctrine, legal framework, single resolution body, single resolution fund, recovery and resolution plan, bail-in principle, resolution tools, practical operations, international cooperation, etc. It also discusses the meaning and implications of the SRM, and compares the mechanism with relevant laws and policies in Taiwan. Finally, it offers some suggestions for future banking resolution reforms in Taiwan.