論自用小客車網路叫車平台Uber之合法性爭議

Comments on the Legal Issues of Uber, an App-based Platform to Connect Passengers with Drivers Using Personal Vehicles

Uber是一家藉由使用網路並透過智慧型手機的應用程式使乘客得以即時招喚自用小客車營業的司機前來指定地點載客並以營利的公司；因為模式創新，也經常被拱為共享經濟的先驅者。儘管如此的經營模式在世界各國的計程車業界帶來革命性的影響，但是在臺灣由於Uber是以資訊服務公司登記，並非合法的運輸行業，因此自從創立以來，已經引起計程車相關業者的抗議，而針對Uber產生的法律爭議問題也在政府部門、利益相關團體及法律學者間引起廣泛討論。雖然在二○一七年二月Uber宣布暫停在臺灣的服務，但是相關因Uber而衍生的法律議題仍在世界持續延燒中。本文首先點出自用小客車網路叫車平台相關的法律議題所在，並討論美國、日本及中國大陸如何應對處理，並於文末提出若干建議，藉由他國的經驗，提供我國日後處理Uber難題的因應之道。

Uber has been a pioneer in the field of sharing economy. The business model of Uber allows a passenger to simply use his/her smartphone to connect a driver using a personal vehicle to pick him/her up at a designated location. This business model has brought a revolution in the taxi industry all across the world. In Taiwan, however, as Uber registered as an information service company, it did not have any permission to operate transportation services. This led to protests from taxi drivers and legal debates among government, interest groups and legal researchers. Even though Uber was banned in February 2017 in Taiwan, the legal issues of Uber still trigger a heated debate in the world. This article first presents legal issues brought forward by this app-based platform to connect passengers with drivers using personal vehicles and then discusses the similar situation how US, Japan and China dealt with. At the end, this article proposes some suggestions by reviewing other countries’ experience and expects to help solve the Uber dilemma in Taiwan.