中國哲學中的自由與命定論   全文下載

Freedom and Predestination in Chinese Philosophy

本文談中國哲學中的自由與命定論，主張儒釋道三教都有命定論的立場，但這只是對生命存在困境的現象有所認識而已，更重要的是，三教都有理想的追求，因而為生命找到出路，從而獲得了自由。總三教命定論，儒道兩家是無因說，儒家以社會實踐為理想，而有了自由的出路。莊子則是以個人生命境界的提升，而找到自由的出路。佛教是有因說，即是業力因果，既知其因，則知對治之方，一樣可以超脫命限。三教都不受命運限制，關鍵在做工夫以求超越，若沒有工夫的配合，則任何人都只能受命限的束縛了。

This article deals with the issue of freedom and predestination in Chinese philosophy. Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism are all holding a predestination position, bassically by their knowledge in life struggles encountered. Most importantly that they all pursue an ideal life, thus get rid of predestination and retrieve freedom. Confucianism and Daoism’s predestination are just happened without reason. While Confucianism pursues social practice as their goal then find out freedom, while Zhuangzi promotes individual realm of life then obtain freedom too. Buddhism gives reasons explaining predestination by cause and effect karma. Since the cause is known, solution is found, thus freedom could be reached. Therefore, the three main schools could not be restricted by fate only if they can cultivate themselves to overcome fate. If there is not any cultivation, no one can be exempted from fate.