論涉外代孕案件中外國裁判之承認

On the Recognition of the Foreign Judgments in International Surrogacy Cases

隨著生物科技的發達，各國相繼開發出各種人工生殖技術，但各國對人工生殖所採的態度極為不同，尤其代孕人工生殖的開放與否，在各國引起激烈爭議，目前各國法律對此所採的態度，呈現極為嚴重的分歧。於此情況下，禁止代孕國家的不孕夫妻，遠赴開放代孕的國家接受代孕人工生殖，以求得與夫妻具有基因聯繫的子女，此種被喻為「生殖旅遊」的行為，近年來在國際間愈來愈常見，我國亦不例外。此時產生的民事法律關係，本即具有高度的涉外性，於是，本文擬從國際私法觀點，針對代孕所生子女的親子身分關係加以探討。尤其，在代孕實施國法院作成認定委託夫妻為法律上父母的裁判後，委託夫妻的本國是否應承認該外國裁判，各國高法院近年均相繼表示見解。有鑑於此，本文擬從比較德國法、日本法的觀點，探討我國國際私法應如何因應涉外代孕案件中的親子身分關係問題。

With the development of biotechnology, a variety of artificial reproductive technologies has been developed. However, the attitude to artificial reproductive technologies differs significantly from one country to another, especially the issue of whether surrogacy should be allowed or not has caused intense controversies world-wide, and legislative norms on surrogacy of each country are showing serious and deep differences. Under these circumstances, increasing number of infertile couples who live in prohibiting countries visit allowing countries in order to undergo surrogacy and acquire children who have the genetic link with them. This behavior, which is known as “reproductive tourism”, has become increasingly common in recent years, and Taiwan is also not an exception. In this kind of international surrogacy cases, legal problems on civil aspect are highly foreign-related in its nature, therefore, this article will study on how to determine the legal parents in international surrogacy case from the perspective of private international law. In particular, the supreme courts of several prohibiting countries have recently made decisions on whether a foreign judgment in international surrogacy case can be recognized in their country. In view of this, mainly comparing with the German law and the Japanese law, this article will explore how Taiwan should determine the legal parents in international surrogacy cases.