中國大陸食安法對臺灣的衝擊──以進出口管理為中心

The Impact of the New Chinese Food Law on Taiwan: Focusing on the Import and Export Regulations

中國大陸於二○○九年制定食品安全法後，持續制定各種行政規則及法規命令，並於二○一五年大幅修改食品安全法。在中央監管機構方面，改變過去分段監管造成管轄權複雜化的現象，統一簡化決策權，並將食品藥物監管部門獨立於衛生行政部門之外，是管制體系上的創舉。在食品標準方面，提升國家標準之地位，廢除或減弱各地標準效力，並逐步吸取國際標準經驗，希望參與國際標準之制定。在進出口方面，從系統查核觀點，重視全程追蹤追溯，源頭管理，主體管理，產品管理，風險訊息管理，並以備案、註冊等方式科以食品製造企業、進口商、出口商相當的法遵義務，在執行面上有所著墨。新食安法有助提升我國消費者安全，但我國食品業出口中國大陸之不合格率偏高，其原因值得深究並加以解決，以促進我國對中國大陸之食品貿易。

After the legislation of the Food Safety Act in 2009, China continued to promulgate regulations on food safety, and amended the Food Safety Act significantly in 2015. In food governance structure, the new law changes the past complex structure that separate jurisdictions according to the stages in the food manufacturing and delivering process, simplifies jurisdictions, and makes the CFDA independent from the health administration ministry, which is a landmark innovation. In terms of food standards, the new law raises the status of the national standards, abolishes or weakens local standards, and learns from the experience of international standards, in the hope to participating the decisions on international standards in the future. In terms of import and export regulations, the new law contains a systematic checkup perspective, values the traceability of the total process, source management, party control, product control, risk information management, and requires food manufacturers, import agencies, and export agencies to register or report in order to ensure legal compliance. The new law will be beneficial to Taiwan’s consumers’ safety. However, Taiwan’s food companies have high rate of rejection in exporting to China. The factors of rejections worth study to find solutions in order to enhance the food trade between Taiwan and China.