交流道出口標誌設計對駕駛者認知之影響

Driver’s Cognition on Diagrammatic Guide Signs

高快速公路的圖形化指示標誌是為用路人在駕駛時，能快速且正確引導方向，並順暢的銜接不同道路之系統交流道（簡稱間接通達）。然而就臺灣目前圖形化指示標誌之資訊呈現方式，常引起用路人誤解，造成在駕駛時路線判斷上的混淆。因此，本研究目的是針對臺灣目前交流道出口圖形化指示標誌的設計問題點，提出改善牌面，並分析不同駕駛經驗者對圖形化指示標誌設計的認知差異，以期歸納出較佳且判讀效率之圖形化指標標誌設計方針。研究結果顯示：交流道一次出口與二次出口類型中，無駕駛經驗者的理解正確率主要被「路型簡化程度」與「文字資訊位置」影響，而有駕照受測者的理解正確率主要被「交流道出口類型」與「路型簡化程度」影響。就反應時間來看，無駕駛經驗者主要被「路型簡化程度」之因子所影響，而有駕駛經驗者則被「路型簡化程度」及「交流道出口類型」所影響。歸納兩群受測者之綜合績效結果，在交流道一次出口之較佳設計組合為：主箭頭結構以簡化路型之風格呈現、文字資訊置於次箭頭前方，以及文字與主線箭身保持固定距離（200公分）之三項條件組合，為理解正確率績效較佳之牌面。而二次出口之圖形化指示標誌之較佳設計組合為：主箭頭結構以半簡化路型之風格呈現，搭配地名資訊置於次箭頭前方之兩項條件組合設計，理解正確率呈現較佳之績效。希冀此研究成果能提供相關單位進行圖形化指示標誌設計時之參考。

Diagrammatic guide signs on highways are used to rapidly and accurately direct road users and smoothly connect them to interchanges on various roads. However, surveys on Taiwan’s current road conditions, diagrammatic guide signs frequently cause misunderstandings, resulting in drivers’ route-selection confusion. Hence, this study proposed modified designs that address current issues in diagrammatic guide sign designs. Additionally, we compared the cognitive levels of road users who possess various driving experiences on different design combinations to develop improved design guidelines. This study began by compiling the design specifications for diagrammatic guide signs from various countries. Current road user demands for highway diagrammatic guide signs were inspected. Based on visual ergonomic theories, the composition factors of guide signs were categorized. In addition, two types of research samples for primary and secondary interchange exits were designed. Subsequently, cognitive experiments were conducted to obtain the evaluation results of road users who possessed various driving experiences regarding their comprehension levels of the guide sign designs. The results indicated that regarding the diagrammatic guide sign designs for primary and secondary interchange exits, when the primary arrow structures were presented in a semi-simplified road shape style and the corresponding geographical names were placed front the subsidiary road arrows, higher comprehension levels could be reached.