「廟宇視角」下的「轄境」：從廟宇經營來看廟宇的地域性

“Jurisdiction of Territory” in “Temple Perspective”: Examining the Relationship Between Temples and Regions from the View of Temple Management

傳統上，廟宇與地域之間存在著重要的關係，這一關係以「祭祀圈」概念來表達。隨著近年來許多研究者指出當代廟宇有去地域化的現象，使得「祭祀圈」這個概念似乎逐漸失去它在研究上的重要性。本文以台南市為例指出，雖然廟宇的信徒分布範圍有去地域化的現象，然而即便在都市中，廟宇仍然擁有明確的轄境，顯示廟宇與地域之間依舊普遍存在某種關係。在當代「地域消解」的全球化時代中，這應該是值得關注的現象，投身研究將有助於我們瞭解傳統文化如何在全球化時代中扮演特定的角色。
本文認為祭祀圈概念仍然是一個有用的概念，只是需要針對當代社會變遷在內涵上做一些補充。本文指出祭祀圈概念被使用時大多是從「信徒視角」的角度出發，如果能從「廟宇視角」來看廟宇與地域的關係，將能夠對祭祀圈的內容進行有用的補充，使這個概念更能夠發揮其理論上的效用。本文資料顯示，從廟宇經營的角度來看，就宇宙觀與靈力觀的層次而言，廟宇會傾向於持續擁有轄境。而從現實的信徒分布與財務結構來看，當代都市廟宇對轄境的依賴程度仍然非常高，這也使得廟宇傾向於持續經營其轄境。本文認為除了傳統的社會組織層次之外，如果能關注廟宇的經營發展這個層次，應該可以對祭祀圈概念內涵之充實有所助益。

Traditionally, there is an important relationship between temples and regions, and it was expressed by the concept "worship sphere". Many researchers recently have pointed out that there is the phenomenon of de-territorialization of contemporary temples. This makes "sacrifice circle" seem to gradually lose its importance in research. This paper suggests that although the distribution of believers of temples is generally de-regionalized, but even in the city, the temple still has a clear territory. This shows that there is still an apparent relationship between temples and regions. This is a noteworthy phenomenon in the contemporary global era of “de-territorization”, it helps us understand how traditional cultures play a particular role in the age of globalization. This paper suggests that the concept of “worship sphere” is still a useful concept, but it needs to supplement the connotation of contemporary social changes. Moreover, it is pointed out that the traditional concept of sacrifice circle is mainly used from a "believer perspective" perspective, and it will be able to contribute useful content to the connotation of “worship sphere” if we use it from the "temple perspective" in addition to traditional “believer perspective”. The data in this paper show that, from the point of view of temple management, the temples will tend to continue to have jurisdiction over a specific territory. That could be understood from the religious view of the universe and spiritual power, and also from the reality of the distribution of believers and financial structure of temples.