INGO嵌入中國社會治理：以廣東省為例

The Embededness of International NGOs into Local Governance in Mainland China: Guangdong as a Case

本文力圖探討國際非政府組織（Non-Governmental Organization, INGO）和中國國家治理體系之間的關係。隨著全球公民社會的發展，具有不同傳統、多元特徵的INGO不斷地進入中國並開展活動，也產生影響。INGO的運作邏輯與中國的威權體制及民間組織管理機制存在現實的衝突，使得INGO在中國的合法性不明。本文透過獅子會與綠色和平這兩個具有全球影響力的INGO嵌入廣東地方治理體系的實踐過程，試圖對在合法性不明的情況下，INGO如何從認知、文化和結構等三方面嵌入中國的治理體系加以分析，並嘗試指出INGO嵌入中國地方治理體系的過程是一個雙向嵌入的過程，且正是這種雙向嵌入使得INGO在中國現有體制下得以生存發展。儘管這種雙向嵌入的模糊性和不確定性，將使INGO在中國被層層限制。

This paper attempts to discuss the interplay between INGOs and the local governance in China. As civil society has been developing around the globe, international NGOs, with different traditions and characteristics, increasingly extend their activities to China. The emerging conflicts between INGOs’ operation logic and Chinese authoritarian system leads to the INGOs’ ambiguous legitimacy in China. This paper aims to demonstrate how these INGOs embedded into local governance in Mainland China despite of their ambiguous legitimacy. Based on the case study of two INGOs’(Lions Clubs International and Greenpeace) in Guangdong, this research unravels their practice of embedding in three dimensions: cognitive, cultural and structural embeddedness. The authors argue that, INGO’s embedding into Chinese local governance system is a mutual process, which enables INGOs to survive under multiple constrains resulted from the ambiguity and uncertainty of the mutual embeddedness in China.