心理健康促進與正向心理學的本土化反思

Cultural Reflections on Mental Health Promotion and Positive Psychology

正向心理學在西方國家蓬勃發展十多年後，美國學界已開始對其進行批判，亦即發現此股正向研究風潮可能潛藏的問題或危險，故值得國內相關研究者深思。本文先從正向心理學之父Seligman所提出的「 快樂公式」切入，概要介紹西方正向心理學的初始內涵，再從華人文化體系的思想角度，闡明缺乏了本土文化視域的正向心理學推展可能帶來的陷阱與困境。其次則對國內正向心理學研究進行簡要評論，以探究不同專業領域對正向概念與推展之論述。最後，本文，認為應建立包含「 修養」 、「 關係」 及「 行動」 等三大組成要素在內的正向心理學理論，以具有文化契合性的視野推展國內心理健康政策或活動，並對未來研究趨勢與實務應用提出個人建議與觀察。

Positive psychology has flourished in Western countries formore than a decade and is regarded as the science of happiness. In recent years, it has been under criticism. Research has revealed both potential deficiencies and risks hidden under this positive movement.The aim of this paper is to remind researchers to examine this issue and, by doing so, to attach great importance to the cultural impacts of mental health promotion and positive psychology. By integrating research with expert opinions, this paper presents a tentative threefactor (self-cultivation-guanxi-action) model for the development of indigenous positive psychology, mental health policies, and promotion. The implications for future research and practical applications are discussed.