客體角色轉化在非複雜性哀傷諮商影響之初探

The Effect of Psychotherapeutic Ritual on Uncomplicated Griever: Transforming Role of a Deceased's Internal Object

本研究旨在探究客體角色轉化假說和治療儀式在非複雜性哀傷諮商的影響。使用質化研究中現象學取向的重要事件研究法，探究23 名選修哀傷諮商課程的研究生，參與該課程學習方式當中所包括的體驗性學習之經驗。該課程共有10 次小團體方式的體驗性學習，每週實施一次，每次1 小時（課程每週3 小時）。本研究資料為學生體驗學習的第九單元「創造死者死後的世界」儀式活動之單次心得報告。資料蒐集方法，於期末獲得參與者同意書之後，以該一單元的心得報告作為分析的資料。資料分析和研究之可信賴度，採取質化共識研究分析方法，於資料匿名後，由研究者與兩名編碼者一起共同進行分析。研究結果，在參與者主觀知覺中，不但沒有負面影響，還發現11 項有益的元素，包括8 項治療因子和3 項個人成長，可歸納為「安頓死者獲得療傷和復原」與「學習與成長」兩層面的獲益。最後並根據本初探研究的結論，對於未來研究和諮商實務提出具體建議。

According to traditional Chinese culture, a family system includes two sub-system: one is the living family members and the other is ancestors. Instead of being excluded from family system, it is presumes that soon after any one of the family member died will be transformed his/her role by funeral ritual into one of the members of ancestor system, and a spiritual nature of continuing bond was reestablished. Based on the role transformation of traditional Chinese culture, a psychotherapeutic ritual was designed by researcher and applied to help trainees transforming role of their internal object of a deceased. This article reports research that utilized critical incident methodology to explore the perceived experiences of 23 participants. They were master and doctorate level counselor trainees who participated in experiential grief counseling groups as part of their Death, Dying and Grief Counseling course work. Data were collected from one of their weekly reflection journals. The specific journal was to reflect trainee’s experience of participating in that ritual activity of “Creating an afterlife and world for your beloved deceased”. The results show that participants identified 11 elements as contributing to their recovering from grieving a deceased. These 11 elements were then categorized into two dimensions which were 8 therapeutic factors and 3 obtained benefits of learning and growth. The finding results were discussed in light of the current literature of continuing bonds and psychotherapeutic rituals. Implications for counseling practice and future research were recommended.