偶然生為外省人？：當代台灣「外省客家人」的族群認同形構初探，以北市梅縣同鄉會為例

The Accidental Waishen-Ren: Exploring the Formation of Waishen-Hakka’s Ethnic Identity in Modern Taiwan

當代台灣的「四大族群」形構及其相應論述，有其自台灣政治民主化以來一路發展的理路與邏輯，以及相應的政治、社會、文化脈絡。例如1988年底，以「還我母語」為號召的客家運動，就被部分論者視為「台灣客家的本土化運動」，是找回「台灣認同」拋棄「中原認同」的集體認同內涵轉化與重構。
然而在1945～1949年來到台灣的「外省族群」中，卻有一群客籍人士，因為來台的時間因素，被視為所謂的「外省客家人」，並被劃歸於所謂的「客家族群」之外。大部分時間，這些「外省客」雖然被含括於所謂「外省」這個相較之下更大的人群分類，但他們的日常生活實作中，「客家」元素（語言、飲食等）以及與原鄉間（同鄉會、宗親會等社會網絡）的連結，卻是或自然或刻意、持續地存在。究竟「族群認同」是一種實踐？一種宣稱？還是一種對他者的指認？這樣的「含括」與「排除」，究竟應該看做兩條不同、平行，乃至對抗的認同路徑？還是可以期待其終將出現認同劃界軌跡的交錯與重疊？
本研究企圖跨越「外省」與「客家」兩種人群分類，希望從探究「外省客家」族群之日常生活實作與生命經驗出發，從田野的觀察與訪談中，理解其族群認同雜揉、協商、確認的軌跡，找出上述疑問的解答。

The concept of “The four ethnic groups of Taiwan” has it’s own historical process of formation and rationale. It corresponds to the social context and the political development of modern Taiwan. When people mention about “Hakka” people, most of the Taiwanese think of those whose ancestors migrated from Canton or Fuk-kien of Mainland China to Taiwan during Qing Dynasty. Most of them can be recognized as Hakka people by speaking Hakka language in their everyday lives.
Yet some of the Mainlanders who moved to Taiwan during 1945-1949, most of them are related to the KMT Government, are people who lived in Canton or Fuk-kien area originally and can also speak Hakka language. They had the different reasons and history of migration to Taiwan, and are often be viewed as Waishen people. (外省人) According to the language they use and the area they lived before moving to Taiwan, are they qualified to be classified as ethnic group of Hakka in Taiwan? Or they just fit in the category of Waishen people? How do they think of themselves about the ethnic identity? Hakka? Or Waishen people?
This study tries to explore the formation of identity of “Waishen- Hakka”. Based on the interview of their everyday experience and the result of participant observation, I try to argue that these Waishen-Hakka people value their identity as Hakka people. Even though They had the totally different experience of migration and different collective memories about the believes of God of Yimin (義民爺信仰), they still view themselves as Hakka people in the first place.