就業輔導及遷徙行為對臺灣原住民生活福利之影響評估

The Effects of Government Employment Programs and Self-Migration Decisions on Economic Well-Being of Aborigines in Taiwan

一般來說原住民可藉由兩種方式來改善其生活福利，亦即自行由鄉村地區遷徙到都會區，或是藉由參加政府所舉辦的就業輔導服務。本研究嘗試釐清此兩種不同行為模式對原住民生活福利的影響，其中生活福利衡量包含了客觀和主觀的指標，客觀指標共包含有個人收入、家庭收入、時薪三種；主觀的福利指標則以快樂感為主。本文實證分析資料取自於2008 年「臺灣原住民社會變遷與政策評估調查研究」之1,652 位原住民面訪調查，並估計多項選擇下之樣本選擇模型 (multinomial sample selection model)，探討影響原住民選擇遷徙行為及接受政府就業輔導之影響因素，並進一步量化並比較原住民採取不同選擇行為對其生活福利指標之影響效果。實證分析發現，對於沒接受政府就業輔導的原住民來說，遷徙到都市的原住民平均收入較居住在鄉村的原住民高；然而對有接受政府就業輔導的原住民來說，兩者的生活福利狀況並沒有顯著差異。此一分析結果或許顯示出政府就業輔導可以有效減少城鄉間差距。

To improve economic well-being, aborigines can choose to migrate from rural to urban area. As an alternative, they can decide to participate in government employment assistance programs. This study aims to disentangle the impacts of these two available options on the economic well-being, including earnings, income, hourly wages, happiness, of aborigines in Taiwan. Using a sample of 1,652 respondents drawn from the Taiwan Indigenous People Survey in 2008, this study estimates a multinomial sample selection model to identify the factors that are associated with aborigines’ chooses of rural-urban migration or participation in government employment assistance programs. Moreover, this study distinguishes the effects of these two options on economic well-being of aborigines in Taiwan. Empirical results show that government employment assistance programs can significantly reduce the inequality of economic well-being of aborigines in Taiwan.