少年球王的康莊大道：訓練、父母涉入與家庭之議題

The Road to King of Junior Tennis: Issues Related to Parental Involvement, Training, and Family Issueand performance of tennis players: a literature review

Les Petits As少年網賽是歐洲最具聲望的少年室內硬地網賽，我國13歲少年網球選手曾俊欣在2015年2月初勇奪男單冠軍，是33年賽史中贏得此一榮銜的亞洲第1人。當大眾都習以為常將焦點放在榮耀、獎盃的同時，瞭解獎盃背後所帶來的意義及故事更具價值。本研究係由瞭解一位少年球王的養成歷程為出發點；接著以父母涉入的觀點來剖析父親教練與孩童運動員雙方互動關係下的利弊得失；最後，深入瞭解獎盃背後的心路歷程及意義。資料收集方式是透過田野觀察及深度訪談；資料分析則以詮釋現象學 (interpretative phenomenological analysis, IPA) 為基礎，透過作者同理與詢問的理解與詮釋，和研究參與者達成「視域的融合」，接著透過書寫，將所理解的部分詮釋出來。經本研究結果發現，若要培養出一位少年球王，在心理層面上，自信心的建立以及正確觀念的培養是重要的關鍵；而在技術層面上，單獨的訓練應多於團體訓練較佳。另一方面，在父母教練與孩童運動員雙重角色關係中，相互信任是先天的優勢；但父母教練自身的專業知能與情緒智商更是雙方關係發展的關鍵因素。最後，可透過一位少年球王成功的背後的故事，試著去「感同身受」當下的場景及情緒，以作為未來網壇之借鏡與反思。

Les Petits As, the most renowned junior tennis tournament in Europe with a history of 33 years and held in indoor hard courts, was where the 13-year-old Taiwanese player Chun-Hsin Tseng became the first Asian men’s singles champion in February 2015. While the general public habitually focused on the glory and the trophy, understanding the meaning and story behind the trophy would be more valuable. This study aimed to understand the process of the junior tennis king’s upbringing as a point of departure; then through the perspective of parental involvement, the pros and cons of the interactive relationship between a parent-coach and a child athlete were analyzed; Lastly, the study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological process of becoming a champion and the meaning of the trophy. Methods used for data retrieval were field observation and in-depth interviews. Applying interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as basis for data analysis, with the author understands and interpretation through empathy and inquiry, fusion of horizons with participants were achieved before interpretations were expressed in writing. One of the findings was that for a junior king of tennis to be born, building self-confidence in the psychological aspect and forming the right concepts and values were crucial; on a technical level, individual trainings were more effective than being trained in groups. Even though mutual trust between a parent-coach and a child athlete was an inherit advantage when considering the pros of the double roles, key influencing factors for the health and development of this type of relationship were professional knowledge and emotional intelligence (EQ) of the parent-coach. For their future reference and reflection, this narrative research hoped to provide a chance for individuals in professional tennis to feel, through the success story behind the junior king of tennis, as if they lived through every scene and emotion in that story.