平衡因應行為的年齡差異：以知覺—行動配連觀點檢證移動室情境之視覺光流操弄效果

The balance act in various ages: Using perception-action coupling perspective to examine the effect of optic flow manipulation in moving room conditions

緒論：生態心理學主要聚焦於環境與生物體之間的互動，採行直接知覺觀點，主張生物體能透過感覺系統直接覺察外界環境之訊息，並進一步採取適切的舉措以符應功能性需求；過去研究發現閃光頻率會影響健康成人之平衡因應行為，本研究目的在於探究發展因素對於平衡因應行為所產生之影響；方法：操弄燈光閃燈頻率 (全亮、快閃、慢閃)，以改變移動室環境視覺光流的呈現，並透過招募不同年齡層參與者 (兒童組、成人組、老年組)，亟欲探查發展因素是否對平衡因應行為造成影響；參與者須於移動室情境維持安靜站立或跟隨移動室移動進行擺動，所觀察之依變項為：參與者身體擺動量、人—室配連之交叉相關係數，並在實驗之前以按鍵工作任務量測反應時間；參與者之簡單反應時間與選擇反應時間，以檢證發展因素；結果：實驗資料經統計考驗檢證後發現，操弄情境會對各組表現產生影響：(一) 成人組在安靜站立情境有較小的身體擺動量，而在跟隨情境則呈現較高的「人—室配連」交叉相關係數；(二) 燈光快閃情境引致較低的「人—室配連」交叉相關係數；結論：參與者的身體擺動幅度與跟隨移動室擺動之適配程度受發展因素與閃燈頻率所影響。

Introduction: Ecological psychology focuses on the interaction between the environment and the organism. Ecological psychologists adopt a direct perception perspective and argue that organisms can perceive the environmental information directly by their own sensory system. The organism would adopt appropriate action to fit the requirement of the functional goal. The past research finding indicate that the glisten frequency would influence the balance act of the healthy adults. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effect on balance act that is imposed by the developmental factor. Methods: In this study, the glisten frequency (bright, fast, and slow) of the lamp was manipulated to change the demonstration format of the optical flow. Various age groups (children, adults, and the elderly) were recruited to examine the effects caused by developmental factor. Participants were required to stand or follow the motion of the moving room under moving room conditions. Dependent variables include: Amount of the body-sway movement and cross-correlation coefficient of person-room coupling. Pressing-key tasks were also conducted to measure the simple and choice reaction time before the formal experiment. Results: According to the analytic examination of experimental data, it was found that group differences could be seen under different task conditions. (1) Adults performed the task with smaller body-sway movement under standing conditions and higher cross-correlation values in the analysis of person-room interaction. (2) Fast lamp glisten frequency induced lower cross-correlation coefficient in the analysis of person-room interaction. Conclusion: Participants’ body-sway amplitude and following behavior (couple with the motion of the moving room) are influenced by developmental factor and lamp glisten frequency.