初期慢性腎臟病病人之健康促進

Health Promotion of Patients with Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease

政府近年致力於腎臟病防治計畫，但末期慢性腎臟病之盛行率依舊居高不下，病人需終生仰賴透析維持生命，不僅造成個人與家庭照護負擔，更對醫療照護體系帶來沈重財政壓力。然而，健康促進生活型態的落實將可延緩慢性腎臟病病程進展，為降低末期腎臟病發生率，從生活中落實健康促進行為是腎臟病照護的首要工作。健康促進乃是降低疾病發生的根基，常被運用於慢性病防治與健康維護，對於增加身體活動量、調整飲食習慣、自我照護遵從等行為以及病程延緩皆顯著成效。腎臟病初期無明顯症狀，加上國人病識感低、發現率低，縱使已確診個案，也容易輕忽落實健康生活型態。國內針對慢性腎臟病健康促進相關論述與研究甚少，故本文整理國內外相關文獻，以瞭解初期慢性腎臟病健康促進之趨勢與實務應用策略，做為未來發展照護計畫之參考。

Despite strong government support for chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention programs in recent years, but the prevalence of end stage of CKD is still increasing. Patients need dialysis to sustain their lives, which not only becomes a burden on individuals and families but also imposes immense financial pressure on the healthcare system. However, the impact of end stage of CKD still can be alleviated if we conduct a health promoting lifestyle. Engaging in health promotion behaviors is the first priority to early stage CKD patients. Health promoting lifestyle is the key to the prevention of many diseases. It also improves the health of chronic disease patients, and produces good outcome in exercise, diet, adherence, and disease recovery. As the early stages of CKD are often asymptomatic and easily ignored, lack of awareness among the general population often lead to delayed treatment. Patients also fail to adopt a healthy lifestyle after diagnosis. There is a lack of research on health promotion for CKD patients. The author therefore tried to leverage the experience from past research on the application of health promotion to other chronic diseases, and study the health promotion strategies specific for early stage CKD. This will provide a reference for the future development of health promoting care programs.