一種路徑的新嘗試：由憲法「經濟價值秩序」論「職業自由」之保障內涵──以「性交易行為」為例

A New Attempt of Methods: The Scope of “Freedom of Employees” under the “Economic System in Constitution”: Based on the “Sexual Transactions”

本文欲探討「性交易行為」是否為「職業自由」所保障，故涉及「職業自由」保障範圍之討論。在方法上，本文擬以憲法上之「經濟價值秩序」作為解釋「職業自由」之標準。就憲法「經濟價值秩序」之推導，涉及「經濟憲法」與「勞動憲法」價值之整合，由「社會國原則」作為整合上開二「部門」之「中介」，可知我國「經濟價值秩序」──「經濟追求為主，勞動保護為輔」。在此一價值之引導下，「工作權」可分為所有人民皆得行使之「職業自由」以及勞動者行使之「勞動者權」，其各可發揮基本權之主客觀功能。作為實踐「經濟價值」之「職業自由」，應可推導其係以「賴以維生」為要素，且並不應存有「內在限制」。關於「性交易行為」，由於其可作為商品交易，故合於「賴以維生」之要件。因此，應可承認「性交易」受「職業自由」之保障。

The topic of this thesis is if the “Sexual Transactions” are guaranteed by “Freedom of Employees”. It refers to the discussion of range of “Freedom of Employees”. This thesis tries to talk over the range of “Freedom of Employees” by the “Economic System in Constitution”. The “Economic System in Constitution” might refer to the integration of the values between the “Economic Constitution” and the “Labor Constitution” and the “Social State Principle” could assume the mission. By the “ Social State Principle” , we could find the value of the “Economic System in Constitution”─“To pursue economic is priority, and to protect labor is inferiority”. Under the value, “Right to Work” could be divided into “Freedom of Employees” which is exercised by all people and “Right of Labor” which is exercised by labor, and the rights could both exhibit the subjective and objective function. “Freedom of Employees” which is praticed by the value of economy should be able to reach the conclusion─ the “Freedom of Employees” is based on “Livelihood” and should not exist the “Inherent Restriction”. Because “Sexual Transactions” could be goods, they are conforming the conditions. In the conclusion , the thesis affirms “Sexual Transactions” are guaranteed by “Freedom of Employees”.