個體間隙穿越之移動及觀察點：環境賦使知覺判斷與信心評估

Individuals’ aperture passage locomotion and observational points: The judgement and confidential rating of affordance perception

緒論：本研究以生態心理學的直接知覺為理論基礎，探討不同移動方向與觀察點之間隙穿越環境賦使知覺，並讓參與者在覺知的同時也加入信心分數的評估。方法：16名大專生女生為實驗參與者，量測肩寬後即進行間隙正前方之靜止與移動及45°右前方之靜止與移動等四個情境的可穿越判斷與信心評估。間隙寬度為0.9倍至1.5倍肩寬，實驗以隨機安排的方式進行28次試做。統計則為2 (位置) × 2 (移動vs.定點) 相依樣本二因子變異數分析檢驗位置和移動與否的關係。結果：判斷可穿越與否之結果為站立於間隙正前方之觀察點顯著高於站立於45°斜前方位置；信心分數則是在肩寬之1.1倍與1.2倍之可穿越閾值時顯著低於其他寬度，1.5倍與0.9倍肩寬之可穿越判斷信心分數為最高。結論：不同觀察點會造成個體對於間隙可穿越判斷之差異；間隙寬度越接近個體可穿越之閾值時，對於判斷結果的信心程度越低。

Introduction: The research is based on the concept of direct perception of ecological psychology, and focused on aperture passage affordance perception while moving at different direction and observational point. Methods: Sixteen female college students were recruited as participants. Their shoulder width was measured, and they are required to judge the aperture width and rate the confidence under four conditions (In front of the aperture: Standing, one-step moving. In right 45° front of the aperture: Standing, one-step moving toward the aperture). The range of aperture width is from 0.9 to 1.5 times of participants’ shoulder width. Twenty-eight random trials has to be done for each individual. A 2 (position) × 2 (moving vs. standing) reapted measures two-way ANOVA were used to analyse the relationship between position and movement. Results: The judgement in front of the aperture is higher than judging in front of the aperture to the 45° right. The participants showed the lowest confidential rating at the apertures width which is 1.1 and 1.2 times of shoulder width, and they has the highest rating score when encountering the aperture width at 0.9 and 1.5 times of shoulder width. Conclusion: The aperture passage judgement differs while individuals observing at different places, and the confidential rating get lower when the aperture close to the passing threshold.