刑罰目的與刑法體系──論Günther Jakobs功能主義刑法體系中的罪責

Purpose of Punishment and Criminal Legal System─The Culpability in Günther Jakobs’Functionalistic Criminal System

刑法釋義學中的系統功能主義認為，刑法的法律概念內容與刑法體系範疇之確定與解釋，並非取決於抽象的概念推導，也非基於實存的物本邏輯結構，而是訴諸系統所欲達成之功能，亦即 社會之需要。本文係針對德國刑法學界中知名的系統功能主義學者Günther Jakobs的犯罪理論，特別是其中的罪責概念加以探討。Jakobs在 對刑法總則之基本概念為系統功能之解釋時，主要係根據刑罰目 的之預設，其認為規範之違反將導致作為行為導引模式之規範至少短暫地被加以質疑，因此刑罰之功能即在於加強確認規範之效力主張。Jakobs 稱其刑罰理論為維持效力的一般預防理論 （Geltungserhaltende Generalprävention）。以維持效力的一般預防為基礎，Jakobs建構出功能的罪責概念，針對其罪責概念與罪責原則、意志自由的關係，以及罪責的成立要件，在本文中將一 一探討。

Under system-functionalism in criminal jurisprudence the concepts and system of criminal law are neither based on abstract conceptual deduction, nor on ontological material logic (Sachlogik), but rather on the function of the social system, namely the needs of the society. This Article will try to investigate the criminal theory, especially the concept of culpability of the renowned functionalist in German criminal jurisprudence, Günther Jakobs. According to his systemfunctionalism, the interpretations of basic concepts in criminal law are based on the pre-set punishment theory. Since violating a norm will at least temporarily lead to the doubtfulness of the validity of the norm itself, the function of punishments is just to reinforce the claim of the norm’s validity. Jakobs named his theory of punishment the general prevention theory for validity maintenance. Based on the function of general prevention for validity maintenance, Jakobs constructed the concept of functional culpability. This article will then discuss the correlation between the concept of functional culpability, principle of culpability and free will, furthermore, the legal elements of culpability in his theory will also be analyzed.