加盟業主先契約資訊揭露義務之建構

On the Pre-contractual Information Duty of Franchisor

加盟具有長期性跟鉅額投資的性質，導致加盟者的被鎖住，因此，健全事前締約決定的自由與完整，便成為規範重點，基於資訊不對稱，應由加盟業主承擔先契約資訊揭露義務。我國民法目前尚未有具體規定，但在公平交易法上則有規範加盟資訊揭露的行政規則，因公平交易法與民法具互補關係，故該規定內容，具一定參考價值，惟若要套用民事關係上，仍須再額外補充之。本文肯認加盟業主對於影響締結加盟契約決定之重要事項，負有揭露義務，此一重要事項的界定，可從「加盟獲利性」之相關因素出發，進一步可從「加盟投資的成本」跟「加盟投資的成功機會」二大類別去細究應予揭露之資訊項目，同時也析論違反行為義務時之歸責要件與過失相抵、因果關係證明與損害賠償責任。

While franchise prevails in modern business, there have not been enough clear rules that can effectively regulate the franchisees. As most franchisee are locked in the contract due to long-term and great invest-ment in franchise relationship, the dissolution after the contract is usual-ly in vain. As a result, the method of improveing the freedom and com-prehension of franchisor’s decision in contracting, becomes a crucial factor in regulating the franchise. Because of the information asym-metry between franchisor and franchisee, franchisor should take the responsibility of information disclosure. Such development is obvious in comparative laws. While there have been no similar rules in Taiwan-ese Civil Code, the regulation in Fair Trade Law on information duty of franchisor does exist. Such regulation could only be used as reference. The best way to resolve the problem is through a law reform. This arti-cle agrees that based on the characteristic of franchises, the franchisor should inform material facts about franchise. The material information should focus on the “profit-making of franchise” perspective and be divided into two categories — “costs of franchise” and “successful chance of franchise”. The details regarding the information to be dis-closed are further explored in this article. In addition, the liability for non-performance of these obligations of franchisor is also being dis-cussed constructed in this article.