行政性關閉的法律改造

The Legalization Approach of Administrative Closure

政府責令關閉是強制企業退出市場的一種形式，往往針對具有嚴重違法行為的企業。但在實踐中，有諸多政策性文件基於國家產業政策的需要而規定了責令企業關閉的措施，並被稱為行政性關閉。其動因主要是產業結構調整、保障人民生命財產安全或者政府經濟社會發展的利益考量。但從法律角度觀察，無論是行政決定、行政許可撤回還是產業政策等，均無法解釋與論證行政性關閉措施的合法性。在全面推進依法治國的背景下，需要從實體與程式兩個角度改造行政性關閉，將其納入法治的軌道。

Administrative closure by the government is one way of forcing an enterprise to quit the market, which usually is applied for enterprises with severe illegal activities. Based on the need of national industrial policy, many policy documents provide measures to force an enterprise to be closed, which is called administrative closure. The initiative of this policy is from the consideration of industry structure, security of people’s safety and possessions, or the benefit of the economy development of the government. But from the legal point of view, no matter it is administrative decision, administrative permission withdrawing or industry policy, the legality of administrative closure cannot be well explained or verified. Under the background of full implementation of ruling the country by law, it is necessary to modify administrative closure from both the point of entity and the point of procedure to get administrative closure back to the track of monocracy.