探討幼兒繪畫內容及影響之因素

A Study of Young Children's Drawing Content and the Factors Affecting Children’s Drawing

本研究旨在分析幼兒繪畫內容的特色，並了解影響幼兒繪畫內容之因素。研究者以所任教班級中大班男、女生各四位幼兒為研究對象，共蒐集八位幼兒的人物畫及自由畫作品共兩百五十六張的繪畫作品，進行內容分析。本研究所獲致的研究結果如下：
一、從分析幼兒繪畫內容可看出幼兒喜歡畫自己、親近的人，對於所厭惡的人有較不友善的表達方式。
二、男生、女生在繪畫內容有不同的特色，女生常畫出與生活經驗相關且對人物的裝飾性強，畫中有較多色彩並呈現溫馨的畫面，男生常畫出卡通、電腦遊戲中的主角，有較多的強壯、勇猛、及格鬥的畫面，但個性溫和且有較多以女生為伴的男生則有類似女生繪畫的特色。
三、幼兒繪畫能力及內容會受到幼兒個人年齡、性別及性格影響。教師、同儕、家人的肯定及學校的學習經驗亦是影響幼兒繪畫內容的重要因素。
依據本研究結果，建議教師在幼兒從事繪畫時能持肯定的態度，為了避免幼兒的繪畫出現性別刻板現象，教師應鼓勵幼兒擴展繪畫內容元素。

This study focuses on young childrens drawing content and characteristics, as well as what affects the overall content of their drawings. A kindergarten class, consisting of four boys and four girls taught by the researcher, was chosen as the subjects for this study. The researcher collected drawings of people as well as free style drawings made by these children, totaling 256 drawings in all, for content analysis. The results of the study are as follows:
1. From analyzing the content of the childrens drawings, it is evident that children enjoy drawing themselves, as well as close friends or family members. When portraying people they dislike, the children express their feelings towards these people in less friendly ways with their drawings.
2. There are characteristic differences in the drawing content between young boys and young girls. Girls in the class often make drawings relating to experiences and events they know in everyday life, with a strong tendency to include people in their drawings.The girls drawings also have more use of color and tend to use more colors and portray warmer overall scenes. Boys drawings often involve characters from cartoons or computer games, with depictions of strength, bravery, and fighting scenes. However,boys with softer personalities and those that play with girls more, show characteristics in their drawings that are similar to those of the girls.
3. The drawing content of young children can be affected by factors such as the childrens age, gender, and personality. Teachers in their schools, support from their parents, the childrens classmates, and learning experiences are all important factors that influence the drawing content of young children.
According to the findings of this study, the researchers suggest that teachers should have positive attitudes toward childrens drawing. In order to prevent childrens drawing from reflecting or promoting gender stereotypes, teachers should encourage children to broaden their drawing content.