政府推動型人民調解的意涵變遷(1931-2010)

The Changing Meanings of The People's Mediation From 1931 to 2010

人民調解制度及其運行一直為政府力量所推動，故既有制度及其實踐均可概括為“政府推動型人民調解”，探討其意涵變遷對制度發展的面向選擇極為重要。在新中國成立之前，人民調解的政治意義較為明顯，社會意義相對薄弱；在改革開放之前，制度的社會意義有所提升，基本形成政治意義與社會意義並重之格局；改革開放以降，初期出現了重視社會意義及“去政治化”傾向，近年又呈現重新強調政治意義之趨勢且勢頭明顯。在嘗試漸進式改革的人民調解自治化過程中，在未來相當長的時期內，還需要堅持制度實踐及改革的政府推動傳統。

The establishment and working of the peoples mediation have been forced by government, which goes by the name of the peoples mediation forced by government. Its significant to research the changing meanings of the peoples mediation forced by government, as for the institutional development. Before the establishment of the PRC, the political significance is more obvious than the social one. Before the Reform and Opening up, the social significance is as important as the political one. Since then, the social significance becomes more and more important and the political one has been weaken, but the political significance is being taken seriously again in recent years. Of course, the tradition of institutional working and improvement forced by government should be upheld in the future of gradual reform of peoples mediation.