試論台北步登公寓--現代住宅在地化過程中的公部門角色

From a Modernist Type to the Taipei Walkups—The Public Sector and the Localization Process in the 1950s-1960s

本研究探討公部門在台北步登公寓生產初期（1950年代中至1960年代初）的作為，強調其對現代主義住宅類型在地化的影響，並具體分析其對步登公寓空間形式的改變。首先，本研究以早期公寓為例，釐清公部門對類型生產的實質貢獻。其次，本研究聚焦1960年代公部門的標準建築圖面，分析其推廣現代主義類型化公寓住宅的意圖。本研究指出，在這兩個階段的生產中，台北步登公寓的建築案例和推廣用的圖面已具有許多在地化的意涵：在規劃方面，步登公寓一開始便具有異於現代主義城郊社區的都市性格，而單元的設計更動也有著在地的社會脈絡。第三，從早期私部門的公寓開發案例，本研究指出公部門引導其生產的關鍵角色，釐清住宅商品化歷程中，政府介入與加速步登公寓商品形象與示範社區的形成。從建築史的角度關照，本研究認為儘管公部門並未大量生產步登公寓，但在當時特殊的政經條件下，其作為對現代主義公寓在台灣生根與發展具有關鍵性的影響。

Quintessentially a modernist and global housing type, the Taipei walkup apartments become the major type massively produced in Taipei from the 1960s to the 1970s. The production of the Taipei walkups is part of the housing modernization in Taiwan, and the localization process of the type represents the interaction and integration of the modernist ideals and the vernacular contexts. This essay explores the production of Taipei walkups by the public sector in the early years, i.e. the 1950s-1960s, and analyzes how the local conditions have helped shaping the spatial form. This essay first explains what early efforts by the public sector were in introducing this foreign type, and how the original modernist planning has been twisted both in concepts and in forms. Second, the essay investigates the provision of architectural drawings of walkup apartment buildings, and discusses the public sector’s intention on the already surfaced vernacular characteristics. Third, through the examples of early private developments of Taipei walkups, the critical contributions from the public sector are analyzed. The market interventions are viewed as part of the fuel for housing commodification, and the developments serve to demonstrate how the modern housing of walkup apartment buildings may look like. Both help the continuous production of the new type.