消費者保護機關之權限──以美國聯邦貿易委員會為例

The Statutory Authorities of the Consumers Protection Agency—The Federal Trade Commission of the U.S. as a Comparative Agency

行政院消保會依照消保法之授權，得公告定型化契約之應記載與不得記載事項，並得擬訂各種定型化契約範本供各事業參考使用，近年來定型化契約應記載事項與不得記載事項有契約條文化之現象，是否有超越母法授權及介入私法自治之領域有討論價值。本文擬以美國聯邦貿易委員會法之制定沿革、發展與變遷過程、現行法授權聯邦貿易委員會之職權，及該委員會所制定之具有實定法效力或類似契約效力之行政命令，用以對照觀察該國消費者保護法及消費者保護機關之權限範圍，與我國消費者保護機關之差異。

The Consumer Protection Committee of Executive Yuan, authorized by the Consumer Protection Act, may proclaim the mandatory provisions to be included in and prohibitory provisions of standard form contract, as well as provide various standard form contracts for industries’ reference. Recently, the mandatory provisions to be included in and prohibitory provisions of standard form contracts have gradually become contractualized, and it still remains questionable whether it has gone beyond its authorization and interrupted the autonomy of private law. To compare with our system, this article, based on the history, development, responsibilities and administrative orders of US Federal Trade Commission, will analyze the US consumer protection legislations and the responsibility scope of its authorities.