耶穌之愛的政治─丁光訓、福音書處境詮釋與現代中國的耶穌形象

The Politics of Jesus’ Love: K. H. Ting, Contextual Interpretation of the Gospels and Images of Jesus in Modern China

本文從「聖經接受史」的角度，研究丁光訓如何在不同的政治處境之中，透過對福音書文本的詮釋，探討耶穌之愛及其在政治上的涵義。具體而言，丁光訓分別提出了愛人類（包括非基督徒）的耶穌、既認同又分離的耶穌、解放者耶穌，以及愛國者耶穌等四類耶穌形象；而這些形象都與耶穌之愛的不同層面有關。丁光訓在福音書文本與現代中國政治處境之間搭起「橋樑」，塑造了一種「道成肉身的政治詮釋學」。一方面，1930-1940年代的中日戰爭，以及1950年代以後的社會主義「新中國」，使丁光訓的詮釋學充滿了政治考量。另一方面，為了使這些政治考量更具宗教上的說服力和正當性，丁光訓需要為它們找到《聖經》中的「背書文本」。就此而言，丁光訓找到福音書裡面「道成肉身」的耶穌，作為他發展其政治詮釋學的「根據」。丁光訓的福音書處境詮釋和耶穌形象，體現了一種「耶穌之愛的政治」。

Taking the "reception history of the Bible" as its approach, the article investigates how K. H. Ting, one of the most important "Three-Self Church" leaders in China, constructs Jesus love and its political implications through interpretation of the Gospels in the various political contexts. Specifically, Ting remakes four aspects of Jesus love: (1) Jesus loves the whole human being, including non-believers as well as believers; (2) Jesus both identifies with and separates from people the sinners; (3) Jesus comes to liberate the suppressed and the "sinned against"; and (4) Jesus performs patriotism. Bridging Gospel texts and political situations in modern China, Ting shapes a "political hermeneutics of incarnation". On the one hand, that Tings hermeneutics is full of political considerations arises out of the Sino-Japanese War in 1930s and 1940s, and the "New China" of socialism after 1950s. On the other hand, Ting, in order to make those considerations more persuasive and legitimate religiously, has to find biblical "proof-texts" for them. In this sense, Ting finds the incarnational Jesus in the Gospels, and uses him as an "endorsement" to develop his political hermeneutics. Tings contextual interpretation of the Gospels and images of Jesus embody one kind of "the politics of Jesus love".