環境污染與侵權行為法之損害賠償──評江蘇省高級人民法院第00001號民事判決

Environmental Pollution and Tortious Liability

環境污染所形成之損害常因肇害因素不確定，損害之發生經過長久時日綜合各肇害源由湊和累積而成，有依「蓋然性理論」或「疫學之因果關係」，推定因果關係之存在，並以集體現象研究病症之發生、分布、消長與蔓延，以所獲得之結果作為基礎，研究集體性疾病，使侵權行為之主張易於成立，符合當今社會之普遍共識，並綜合考量各類因素訂出行政規則，使企業經營者有遵循之標準以維護環境利益，再者對於侵權行為損害賠償之成立要件，不宜過度拘泥釋義學之方法論，應著眼於人民身心安全或財產上之保護，方能符合侵權行為法之規範目的。

The cause of damage about environmental pollution is usually uncertain. The occurrence of the damage is due to multiple factors which had accumulated over a long period, and therefore relying on theories, such as Probabilistic Causation and Epidemiologic Causation to assume that the causation exists. Moreover, by means of analyzing collective phenomena of diseases from their origination, distribution, growth, decline, and spread, it could lead to the result which may set up the claim of establishing torts easier so that the result can reach the common consensus. Considering different factors that may help promulgate the regulations for business owners, then it would be a solution to preserve the environment benefit. In order to conform the purpose of Tort Law, the elements of torts should not be rigidly adhering to the methodology of literal analysis but the protection of humankind or property.