教養嬰幼兒親職壓力之研究：以家庭壓力理論分析

Parenting Stress in Families of Young Children: A Double ABC-X Model Approach

本文以家庭壓力double ABC-X理論為架構，檢視1990年來國內外教養嬰幼兒家庭壓力之研究，探討親職壓力產生的來源、影響親職壓力的認知因素、父母的資源、面對壓力的調適等面向。彙整文獻之研究結果發現：（一）親職壓力來源的變項包含：初任父母的角色緊張、瑣碎壓力、夫妻衝突、及嬰幼兒特殊需求等。（二）調節親職壓力的變項有：父母個人的經濟、知識和健康因素、婚姻關係、社會網絡、托育人力及制度、親職情感經驗、共親職、性別角色分工的認知、自我效能等。（三）家庭資源和個人認知對親職壓力的調節具有密不可分之關係。（四）教養嬰幼兒親職壓力研究多採負向的研究觀點。（五）對父母親職角色仍有刻板化的傾向。文末並提出對未來相關研究之建議。

This literature review summaries research findings on parenting stress, coping strategies, and social supports in families of young children reported by researchers from 1990 to 2013, and aims to integrate findings of researches by the Double ABC-X model. Results showed: (1) Parenting stressor of young childrens families included parental role strain, hassles of parenting, spouse conflicts, and childrens special needs, etc. (2) The variables of adaptation to parenting stress included parental personal resources, social support, family-centered support, parenting competence, perceptions of parenting, self-efficacy, sex-role attitudes, and coparenting quality, etc. (3) Family resource and parental perceptions of stress were correlated variables in familys coping of parenting stress. (4) Researches tended to study parenting stress from a pathological viewpoint. (5) Sex-role stereotype influenced the study of parenting stress. Suggestions for future research on parenting stress in families of young children were discussed.