析論「海洋四法」之通過

On Taiwan’s Four Marine Affairs-related Organization Acts

二○一五年六月十六日，立法院三讀通過海洋委員會組織法、海洋委員會海巡署組織法、海洋委員會海洋保育署組織法及國家海洋研究院組織法（一般稱之為「海洋四法」）。同年七月一日，總統府公布此四組織法，其施行日期，由行政院以命令定之。「海洋四法」通過之主要目的在於統合海洋事務相關政策之規劃、協調及推動。依據新通過的組織法，我國行政體系將新設海洋委員會、海洋保育署，以及國家海洋研究院，同時將現行屬部會層級的行政院海岸巡防署降為海洋委員會所屬次級機關，更名為海洋委員會海巡署。本文探討「海洋四法」之通過背景、經過、爭議問題、重要內容，以及未來施行時可能面臨的挑戰。

On June 16, 2015, the Legislative Yuan (parliament or congress) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) adopted four marine affairs-related government organization acts, namely the Marine Affairs Council Organization Act, the Coast Guard Administration Organization Act, the Marine Conservation Administration Organization Act, and the National Academy for Marine Research Organization Act. The Acts were announced by the President Orders on July 1 the same year. The main purpose for passage of these four laws is to establish a specialized government institution at the ministerial level under the Executive Yuan to help integrate policy planning, coordination, promotion and implementation of marine-related matters that are within the administrative jurisdiction of Taiwan’s existing ministries, councils, administration, or agency, such as the Ministry of Interiors, the Council of Agriculture, and the Coast Guard Administration, and the  Environmental Protection Agency. The date for the implementation of these four Acts will be decided by the Executive Yuan.
The purpose of this article is to examine the legislative history, main contents, and some controversial matters during the deliberation process of the four laws. A number of challenges for the future implementation of the laws are also discussed.