從平面類型探討行動不便老人機構的防火安全

An Analysis of Fire Safety and Improvement Measures for Nursing Homes Using Plane Layouts

老人長期照護、養護及護理之家等主要居住對象以行動不便的高齡者為主，火災發生時若無有效的防制手法與策略，常會造成嚴重的傷亡。國內對於老人長期照護、養護及護理之家的建築及消防等相關規範雖已於醫療院所提出別於一般用途的法規規範，但對相關機構而言，其所需的規範與策略應與一般醫療院所有所不同。「依法仍存在危險」為目前國內一般老人長期照護、養護及護理之家的現況。為防制類似署立新營醫院北門分院附設護理之家的火災事件發生，應重新檢視相關機構的火災安全，檢討防制的設計手法，提出合理的設計參考原則。本研究首先將相關機構進行平面類型化，整理出較危險的平面類型，分析依法仍存在之問題，並研擬合理的避難策略。最後以確保水平避難為目標，提出合理的設計參考原則，以期能提升「已為合法機構」的火災安全。

Currently, for general long-term senior care, residential and nursing homes in Taiwan, dangers exist from a legal perspective. Even if the current conditions are in compliance with relevant laws and regulations on buildings and fire prevention, potential fire safety-related concerns remain. In this study, the investigators first categorized the floor plans of senior long-term care, residential and nursing homes and determined the most dangerous category. Existing problems were analyzed from a legal perspective. The feasibility of evacuating residential areas on fire but adopting “sheltering in place” for residential areas not on fire was investigated based on engineering considerations. Reasonable evacuation strategies were developed as well. Lastly, to achieve horizontal evacuation, reasonable design principles were proposed to enhance fire safety at legally-compliant facilities.