自然建築的發展歷程與在地實踐—以臺東阿牛村為例

The Development of Natural Building and Local Practice—Study on the A-Niu Village in Taitung

在環境趨勢下，建築除了應符合永續發展條件，還應探討以人為主體、更根本的環境觀，建立思考及行動脈絡，關照生活對於環境關懷之實踐。本研究以自然建築為對象，透過田野調查及參與式行動研究，輔以文獻探討找出自然建築之核心價值及內涵，透過實地參與臺東阿牛村的營造與深度訪談，探討在地實踐經驗，從生命經驗到造屋過程的碰撞啟發省思。歸結自然建築的定義、意義與價值，自然建築除涵蓋永續發展三個面向外，精神層面更是豐富性的來源，不只是營造行為，更是哲學思維對於永續生活的態度，藉由實踐來體會真正價值，進而從價值觀改變落實永續發展的環境觀。阿牛村之個案研究有幾個重要發現:自然建築與身體有密切關係；簡單工具讓參與者更深入感受大自然傳遞的訊息；藉由合作關係，專業者、業主與志工相互支援，整體關係越穩定；自然建築賦予自然生活實踐者應有的創意，因此有助於適應外在環境改變，環境氛圍有助於開發人們覺察潛能，使之更精準了解如何與自然互動。相對的，人力掌握與在地材料工法實為臺灣自然建築發展的一大課題。

In terms of current environmental trend, architecture ought to not only comply with sustainability, but also seek a further human-oriented environmental meaning so that it establishes sequence of ideas and practice to care for human life and environment. This study takes natural building as example to uncover its core value and context via field study, participatory action research, literature reviews and in-depth interview, followed by analysis of A-Niu Village in Taitung to generalize local practice from natural building. In addition to the three dimensions of sustainability, natural building also covers spiritual dimension. Natural building is not just a construction but indeed an attitude towards sustainable life with philosophical thinking as well. Richness of natural building results from its spiritual dimension, while experiencing the real value through subjective practicality so people’s viewpoints are transformed that sustainability of environment could last. This study realizes that natural building is tightly close to human body, as participant understands the nature’s message by using simple tools. The ambience of natural building is beneficial to not only develop potential human perception, but also interact with the nature more accurately. The control of labor power and engineering methods of local material will be the two major issues for developing natural building in Taiwan in the future.