「光榮犧牲」的省思：1939年嘉義高女水難事件之議論

Reflection of “Glorious sacrifice”: The discussion of Chia-Yi Girls' High School drowned event in 1939

本文以嘉義高女為主體，藉由歷史研究的方法，從高女學生習泳的相關文獻進行史料蒐集、分析及考證，進而探究1939年是校舉辦臨海教育的水難事件，並針對日治晚期女性身體活動所隱含的歷史議題提出討論。結果指出，高女學校的游泳教育別具特色，其非以運動技術為首要，而是受制於國家政策且具有多重的外在目的。這起水難事件導致13名學生死亡，肇事原故涉及環境因素和人為疏失，判定教師必須負起過失致死的職責。唯該事件被少數人解讀成「光榮犧牲」，係逢戰時的動盪氛圍，女性身體活動逐漸轉向戰場後方的支援性質，以致水難和戰爭有了人為的美學交集。最終，伴隨著戰爭因素與政權更迭，臨海成為教育活動的歷史遺跡。

On the basis of historical research methodology, this article revolves around the retrospect of Chia-Yi Girls High School (CYGHS), collecting, analyzing and proving the swimming activities of the girls high school. Furthermore, the research studies the students’ drowned event in 1939 and discusses the implicit historical issues during late Japanese colonial period. Consequently, the swimming education with multiple external purposes which was subject to the national policy didn’t take skill into the first consideration but was unique. The cause of 13 students’ drowned event was related to the environmental factors and human error. Teachers needed to shoulder the responsibilities of involuntary manslaughter. The drowned event was interpreted “glorious sacrifice” in a minority, because female physical activity gradually turned to support on the battlefield rear under the fluctuant atmosphere of wartime, Causing the drowned event and wars to intersect at aesthetic by artificiality. Finally, accompanying the war factors and regime change, seaside education has been history.